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DOCUMENTS 
OEPL 


UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  LABOR 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  OCCUPATIONS 


SLAUGHTERING  AND  MEAT  PACKING 


PREPARED  FOR  THE 
UNITED  STATES  EMPLOYMENT  SERVICE 

BY  THE 

UNITED  STATES  BUREAU  OF  LABOR  STATISTICS 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1918 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2007  with  funding  from 

IVIicrosoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/descslaughtercOOunitrich 


UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  LABOR 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  OCCUPATIONS 


SLAUGHTERING  AND  MEAT  PACKING 


PREPARED  FOR  THE 

UNITED  STATES  EMPLOYMENT  SERVICE 

BY  THE 

UNITED  STATES  BUREAU  OF  LABOR  STATISTICS 

If 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMEPn"  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1918 


DOCUMENTS 
DEPT. 


T^ 


Page 


INDEX 


A 

All-round  man,  cattle-killing  department.     {See  Utility  man, 

cattle-killing  department.) 
All-round  man,   fresh-pork  department.     {See  Utility  man, 

fresh-pork  department.) 
All-round  man,  sheep-killing  department.     {See  Utility  man, 

sheep-killing  department.) 
Average  man.     {See  Grader,  cured-meat  department.) 

B 

Backer.     {See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 
Back  puller.     {See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

Bacon-carton   inspector.     {See   Inspector,   meat-canning   de- 
partment.) 
Bacon  stringer.     {See  Laborer,  cured-meat  department.) 
Batcher-up  and  inspector  for  leakers.     {See  Inspector,  meat- 
canning  department.) 
Bladder  tier.     {See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 
Blocker.     {See  Laborer,  fresh-pork  department.) 
Block  tender.     {See  Laborer,  fresh-pork  department.) 
Blower.     {See  Inspector,  casing  department.) 
Blower  and  tier,  weasands  and  bladders.     {See  Casing  worker, 

casing  department.) 
Boner.     {See  Cutter,  fresh-beef  department.) 
Box  maker.     {See  Packer,  sausage  department.) 
Box  maker,  paper.     {See  General  worker,  meat-canning  de- 
partment.) 
Bex  strapper.     {See  Packer  for  shipment,  meat-canning  de- 
partment.) 
Breast  or  brisket  puller.     {See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 
Breast  or  brisket  sawyer.     {See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 
Breast  or  brisket  splitter.     {See  Sheep-kiUing  gang.) 
Bruise  trimmer,  cattle-killing  department.     {See  Cattle-killing 

gang.) 
Bruise    trimmer,    hog-killing    department.     {See    Hog-killmg 

gang.) 
Bung  dropper,  cattle-killing  department.     {See  Cattle-killing 

gang.) 
Bung  dropper,  hog-killino:  department.     {See  Hog-killing  ^ang.) 
Bung  dropper,  sheep-killing  department.     {See  Sheep-killing 
ganp;.) 

Butcher,    cured-meat    department. __-         38 

3 


4  INDEX 

Page 

Butcher,     fresh-beef    department.     (See    Cutter,     fresh-be^f 
department.) 

Butcher^    general,    cattle-kilhng    department 19 

Butcher,  general,  sheep-killing  department 24 

Butcher's  assistant.     {See  Utility  man,   cured-meat  depart- 
-  ment.) 
Butt  puller.     (See  Cutter,   fresh-pork   department.) 


Calf  skinner. 31 

Can  carrier.     (See  Laborer,  meat-canning   department.) 
Can  filler.     (See  Stuffer  or  packer,  meat,  meat-canning  de- 
partment.) 
Can  inspector.     (See  Inspector,  meat-canning  department.) 
Can  steamer.     (See  Cooker,  meat-canning  department.) 

Capper 40 

Cap  setter.     (See  General  worker,  meat-canning  department.) 
Cap  stamper.     (See  Capper.) 
Car  s tower.     (See  Packer  or  lugger,  fresh  beef.) 
Carton  folder.     (See  General  worker,  meat-canning    depart- 
ment.) 

Casing  cleaner ._ _         30 

Casing  puller 30 

Casing  worker,  casing  department 30 

Casing  worker,  sausage  department 35 

Cattle-killing  gang 19 

Caul   dresser.     (See  Dresser,   sheep-killing   department.) 
Caul    puller,    cattle-killing    department.     (See    Cattle-killing 

gang.) 
Caul-puller,  sheep-killing  department.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 
Checker.     (See  Trimmer,  offal  department.)  ' 
Cheek-meat  trimmer.     (See  Trimmer,  offal  department.) 
Chiseler.     (See  Trimmer,  offal  department.) 

Chopper,  fresh-pork  department 32 

Chopper,  sausage  department.     (See  Cutter,  sausage  depart- 
ment.) 
Chuck  splitter.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 
Chute   feeder.      (See  General  worker,   meat-canning   depart- 
ment.) 
Chute  man.     (See  Grader,  cured-meat  department.) 
Clarifier.     (See  Melter,  lard  and  oleo  department.) 
Cleaner,  floors.     (See  Laborer,  lard  and  oleo  department.) 
Cleaner  or  squilgeer,  cattle-killing  department.      (See  Cattle- 
killing  gang.) 
Cleaner  or  squilgeer,  hog-killing  department.    (See  Hog-killing 

gang.) 
Cleaner-up.     (See  Laborer,  sausage  department.) 
Cod  puncher.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

Cooker  and  smoker,  sausage  department     36 

Cooker,  lard  and  oleo  department.     (See  Melter,  lard  and  oleo 
department.) 


INDEX  O 

Page 

Cooker,  meat-canning  department. 40 

Cook's  helper.     {See  Laborer,  sausage  department.) 

Counter.     (See  Laborer,  fresh-pork  department.) 

Coverer,  cans.     {See  Laborer,  lard  ana  oleo  department.) 

Crimping-machme  operator.     {See  Capper.) 

Crotch  or  aitch-bone  breaker,  cattle-killing  department.    {See 

Cattle-killing  gang.) 
Crotch  or  aitch-bone  breaker,  hog-killing  department.      {See 
Hog-killing  gang.) 

Curer 38 

Cutter,   casings.     {See  Casing  worker,  sausage  department.) 
Cutter  down.     {See  Laborer,  fresh-pork  department.) 

Cutter,  fresh-beef  department 31 

Cutter,  fresh-pork  department 33 

Cutter-off,  hams.     {See  Cutter,  fresh-pork  department.) 
Cutter-off,  heads.     {See  Hog-killing  gang.) 
Cutter-off,  toes  or  feet.  {See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

Cutter,  sausage  department 36 

Cutter,  Viennas  for  stuffing.  {See  Machine  tender,  meat-can- 
ning department.) 

D 

Dresser 24 

Driver,  cattle-killing  department.    {See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 
Driver,  hog-killing  department.    {See  Hog-killing  gang.) 
Driver,  sheep-killing  department.     {See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 
Dropper,  cattle-killing  department.     {See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 
Dropper,  hog-killing  department.     {See  Hog-killing  gang.) 
Duck:er  or  pole  man.     {See  Hog-killing  gang.) 
Dumper,  meat  into  stuffing  machines.     {See  Machine  tender, 
meat-canning  department.) 

F 

Facer- 25 

Fatter,  casing  department.    {See  Casing  cleaner.) 

Fatter,  sausage  department.  {See  Casing  worker,  sausage  de- 
partment.) 

Feeder,  bacon  to  shcing  machine.  {See  Machine  tender,  meat- 
canning  department.) 

Feeder,  dried  beef  to. chipping  machine.  {See  Machine  tender, 
meat-canning  department.) 

Feeder,  sausage  department.  {See  Cutter,  sausage  depart- 
ment.) 

Fell  cutter.      {See  Cattle-kilHng  gang.) 

Fell  puller  and  beater.     {See  Cattle-kilUng  gang.) 

Filler,  barrels,  cans,  pails,  and  tierces.  {See  Laborer,  lard  and 
oleo  department.) 

Filterer.  {See  Pumper  and  refiner,  lard  and  oleo  depart- 
ment.) 

Floater.     {See  Capper.) 

Floor  cleaner.     {See  Laborer,  meat-canning  department.) 

Floorman.     (-See  General  worker,  meat-canning  department.) 

Floorman,  cattle-killing  department 20 

Foot  skinner.     {See  Cattle-killing  ga-ic;.) 


6  INDEX 

Page 

Foreman's   assistant,   cured-meat   department.     {See  Utility 
man,  cured-meat  department.) 

Foreman's    assistant,    fresh-beef    department.     {See   Utility 
man,  fresh-beef  department.) 

Foreman's    assistant,    fresh-pork    department.     {See   Utility 
man,  fresh-pork  department.) 

Foreman's  assistant,  sausage  department.     {See  Utility  man, 
sausage  department.) 

Forker.     {See  Laborer,  sausage  department.) 

Freezer  man  or  temperature  man.     {See  Packer  or  lugger, 
fresh  beef  department.) 

Full-can  inspector.     {See    Inspector,    meat-canning    depart- 
ment.) 

G 

Gam  cutter.     {See  Hog-killing  gang.) 

General  worker,  meat-canning  department  _ 41 

General  worker,  sausage  department 36 

Glass-washing  machine  operator.     {See  General  worker,  meat- 
canning  department.) 
Grader,   casing  department.     {See  Inspector,   casing  depart- 
ment.) 

Grader,  cured-meat  department  _ 38 

Grader,  fresh-beef  department __ 31 

Grader,  hide  department.     {See  Inspector  and  grader,  hide 

department.) 
Grader,  offal  department.     {See  Inspector,  offal  department.) 
Grader's    helper,     cured-meat    department.     {See    Laborer, 

cured-meat  department.) 
Grinder.     {See  Cutter,  sausage  department.) 
Gullet  raiser.     {See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 
Gutter,  cattle-killing  department.     {See  Cattle-kiUing  gang.) 
Gutter,  hog-killing  department.     {See  Hog-killing  gang.) 
Gutter,  sheep-kiUing  department.     {See  Sheep-kUling  gang.) 

H 

Ham  boner.     {See  Cutter,  fresh-pork  department.) 

Ham  facer,  hog-killing  department 22 

Ham  facer  and  marker,  fresh-beef  department.     {See  Cutter, 

fresh-beef  department.) 
Ham  passer,  cured-meat  department.     {See  Laborer,  cured- 
meat  department.) 
Ham    passer,    sausage    department.     {See    Laborer,    sausage 

department.) 
Ham  sawyer.     {See  Sawyer,  fresh-pork  department.) 
Ham  stringer.     {See  Laborer,  cured-meat  department.) 
Ham  stripper.     {See  Cutter,  fresh-beef  department.) 
Ham  trimmer.     {See  Cutter,  fresh-pork  department.) 
Handy   man,    cattle-killing   department.     {See   Utility   man, 

cattle-killing  department.) 
Handy  man,  fresh-beef  department.     {See  Utility  man,  fresh- 
bcof  department.) 


INDEX 


Page 


Handy  man.  meat-canning  department.     (See  General  worker, 

meat-canning  department.) 
Handy  man,  sausage  department.     {See  Utility  man,  sausage 

department.) 
Handy   man,   sheep-kDling   department.     {See  Utility  man, 

sheep-kUling  department.) 
Hanger.     (^See  Laborer,  sausage  department;  Linker,  sausage 

department.) 
Hanger-off  or  feeder.     {See  Hog-killing  gang.) 
Hanger-up,  racks.     {See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 
Hauler  to  vats.     {See  Laborer,  cured-meat  department.) 
Header,  cattle-killing  department.     {See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

Header,  hog-killing  department 22 

Header,  sheep-kdhng  department.     {See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

Head  holder.     {See  Cattle-kiUing  gang.) 

Head  or  turbinated-bone    grinder.     {See  Machine    operator, 

offal  department.) 
Heart  trimmer.     {See  Trimmer,  offal  department.) 
Helper.     {See  Laborer,  cured-meat  department.) 
Hide  dropper.     {See  Cattle-kiUing  gang.) 

Hog-killing  gang . 22 

Hoister.     (-See. Cattle-kiUing  gang.) 

Hoist  man.     {See  General  worker,  meat-canning  department.) 

Holder,  hog-kUUng  department.     {See  Hog-kiUing  gang.) 

Holder,  sheep-kiUing  department.     {See  Sheep-kiUing  gang.) 

Hooker-off.     {See  Hog-kiUing  gang.) 

Hooker-on,  hog-kiUing  department.     {See  Hog-kUling  gang.) 

Hooker-on,     sheep-kUling     department.     {See     Sheep-kilUn^ 

gang.) 
Hooker-up.     {See  Sheep-kiUing  gang.) 


ig 


Inspector  and  grader,  hide  department 29 

Inspector,  casing  department 30 

Inspector,  cured-meat  department.     {See  Grader,  cured-meat 

department.) 
Inspector,    fresh-beef   department.     {See   Grader,    fresh-beef 
diBpartment.) 

Inspector,  meat-canning  department ._ 41 

Inspector,  offal  department 27 

Inspector,    sausage    department.     {See   Packer,    sausage    de- 
partment.) 
Inspector's   helper,    cured-meat   department.     {See  Laborer, 
cured-meat  department.) 

J 

Jawbone  puUer.     {See  Machine  operator,  offal  department.) 
Jaw  skinner.     {See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 
Joint  breaker.     {See  Sheep-kiUing  gang.) 

K. 

Kettle  man.     {See  Melter,  lard  and  oleo  department.) 
Kettle  tender.     {See  Cooker,  meat-canning  department.) 

88851°— 18 2 


8  INDEX 

Page 

Kidney  puller.     {See  Hogrkilling  gang.) 

Knife  man.     {See  Butcher,  cured-meat  department.) 

Knocker,  cattle-killing  department 20 

Knocker-out  or  grinder-out,  teeth.     {See  Machine  operator, 
offal  department.) 

L 

Labeler,    meat-canning    department.     {See   General   worker, 

meat-canning  department.) 
Label-machine  operator.     {See  General  worker,  meat-canning 

department.) 

Laborer,  casing  department 30 

Laborer,  cattle-kilfing  department.     {See  Cattle-kiUing  gang.) 

Laborer,  cured-meat  department 38 

Laborer,  fresh-beef  department-  _ _ 31 

Laborer,  fresh-pork  department 33 

Laborer,  hide  department 29 

Laborer,  hog-killing  department.     {See  Hog-killing  gang.) 

Laborer,  lard  and  oleo  department 34 

Laborer,  meat-canning  department  _ _ 41 

Laborer,  offal  department _ 27 

Laborer,  sausage  department.  _ 36 

Laborer,  sheep-killing  department.     {See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

Leaf -lard  puller.     {See  Hog-killing  gang.) 

Leaf-lard  scraper.     {See  Hog-killing  gang.) 

Leak  patcher.     {See  Capper.) 

Leg  breaker.     {See  Cattle-kiUing  gang.) 

Leg  crosser.     {See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

Legger.     {See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

Leg  roller,     (^e^  Sheep-kilUng  gang.) 

Litter.     {See  Packer  or  lugger,  fresh-beef  department.) 

Linker,  sausage  department 36 

Liver  trimmer.     {See  Trimmer,  offal  department.) 
Loin  puUer.     {See  Cutter,  fresh-pork  department.) 

M 

Machine  cleaner.     {See  Laborer,  meat-canning  department.) 
Machine  operator,  offal  department 27 

Machine  tender,  fresh-pork  department.     {See  Laborer,  fresh- 
pork  department.) 
Machine  tender,  meat-canning  department 42 

Machine  tender,   sausage  department.     {See  Cutter,   sausage 

department.) 
Marrow  blower.     {See  Machine  operator,  offal  department.) 
Measurer.     {See  Casing  worker,  sausage  department.) 
Measurer  and  buncher.     {See  Casing  worker,     casing    depart- 
ment.) 
Meat  carrier.     {See  Laborer,  cured-meat  department.) 
Meat  hanger.     {See  Laborer,  cured-meat  department.) 
Meat  inspector.     {See  Inspector,  meat-canning  department.) 
Meat  passer.     {See  Laborer,  cured-meat  department.) 


(« 


INDEX  9 

Page 

Meat  runner.     (See  Packer  or  lugger,  fresh-beef  department.) 
Meat  scraper.     (See  Laborer,  cured-meat  department.) 
Meat  shover.     (See  Laborer,  meat-canning  department.) 
Meat  soaker.     (See  Laborer,  cured-meat  department.) 
Meat  stirrer.     (See  Cooker,  meat-canning  department.) 
Meat  stringer.     (See  Laborer,  cured-meat  department.) 
Meat  tosser.     (See  Laborer,  cured-meat  department.) 
Meat  washer.     (See  Laborer,  cured-meat  department.) 
Meat  wiper.     (See  Laborer,  cured-meat  department.) 

Melter,  lard  and  oleo  department 34 

Mixer.     (See  Cutter,  sausage  department.) 

N 

Nailer,  meat-canning  department,  (See  Packer  for  shipment, 
meat-canning  department.) 

Nailer,  sausage  department.  (See  Packer,  sausage  depart- 
ment.) 

Neck  trimmer.     (See  Sheep-kiUing  gang.) 

O 

Oleo  maker.     (See  Melter,  lard  and  oleo  department.) 

Opener,  leakers.  (See  General  worker,  meat-canning  depart- 
ment.) 

Order  filler.     (See  Utility  man,  cured-meat  department.) 

Order  man,  cured-meat  department.  (See  Utility  man,  cured- 
meat  department.) 

Order  man,  fresh-beef  department.  (See  Packer  or  lugger, 
fresh-beef  department.) 

Oven  man.     (See  Cooker,  meat-canning  department.) 

Overhauler.     (See  Curer,  cured-meat  department.) 

P 

Packer  and  nailer.     (See  Packer  for  shipment,  meat-canning 

department.) 
Packer,  cans  in  boxes.     (See  Packer  for  shipment,  meat-can- 
ning department.) 
Packer,  cured-meat  department.     (See  Curer.) 

Packer  for  shipment,  meat-canning  department 42 

Packer,  meat.  (See  Stuffer  or  packer,  meat,  meat-canning 
department.) 

Packer  or  lugger,  fresh-beef  department  _ 32 

Packer,  sausage  department 37 

Packer,  shavings  around  cans.     (See  Laborer,  lard  and  oleo 

department.) 
Packer's  helper.     (See  Packer,  sausage  department.) 
Paper-cap   machine   operator.     (See   General  worker,    meat- 
canning  department.) 
Paperer,  cans.     (See   General   worker,  meat-canning  depart- 
ment.) 
Passer  and  piler,  cans  and  jars.     (/See  General  worker,  meat- 
canning  department.) 


10  INDEX 

Page 

Passer,  empties  to  fillers.  {See  Laborer,  lard  and  oleo  depart- 
ment.) 

Passer  to  packer.       {See  Laborer,  cured-meat  department.) 

Passer  to  pumper.     {See  Laborer,  cured-meat  department.) 

Passer  to  salter.     {See  Laborer,  cured-meat  department.) 

Paunch  and  tripe  trimmer,  ripper  open,  and  dumper.  {See 
Trimmer,  offal  department.) 

Peck  trimmer,  ripper  open,  and  dumper.  {See  Trimmer,  offal 
department.) 

Pelt  dropper.     {See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

Penner,  hog-killing  department.     {See  Hog-killing  gang.) 

Penner,  sheep-killing  department.     {See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

Pickle  maker.     {See  Curer.) 

Pickle  maker's  helper.     {See  Laborer,  cured-meat  department.) 

Pickler.     (^'^e  Curer.) 

Pig's  feet  cleaner,  offal  department 27 

Pig's  feet  finisher,  offal  department _ 28 

Piler.     {See  Curer.) 

Pluck  trimmer  or  separator.     {See  Trimmer,  offal  department.) 

Pressman,  lard  and  oleo  department 34 

Process  man,  meat-canning  department.  {See  Cooker,  meat- 
canning  department.) 

Pritcher-up.     {See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

Process-tank  tender.     {See  Cooker,  meat-canning  department.) 

Puller.     {See  Curer.) 

Pumper.     {See  Curer.) 

Pumper  and  refiner,  lard  and  oleo  department 35 

Pumper's  helper,  cured-meat  department.  {See  Laborer, 
cured-meat  department.) 

Putter.     {See  Facer,  sheep-killing  department.) 

R 

Raiser  and  tier  of  weasands.     {See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 
Raisin  picker.     {See   General  worker,  meat-canning    depart- 
ment.) 
Relief  girl.     {See  General  worker,  meat-canning  department.) 
Retort  man.     {See  Cooker,  meat-canning  department.) 
Retrimmer.     {See  Casing  worker,  sausage  department.) 
Ribber,  fresh-beef  department.     {See  Cutter,  fresh-beef  depart- 
ment.) 
Ribber,  fresh-pork  department.    {See  Cutter,  fresh-pork  depart- 
ment.) 
Rib  chopper.     {See  Chopper,  fresh-pork  department.) 
Rib  sawyer  or  Boston  cutter.     {See  Dresser.) 
Ripper   open,    cattle-killing   department.     {See  Cattle-killing 

gang.) 
Ripper  open,  hog-killing  department.     {See  Hog-killing  gang.) 
Ripper  open,   sheep-killing  department.     {See     Sheep-killing 

gang.) 
Roller,  barrels.     {See   Laborer,  lard  and  oleo  department.) 

Roller  man.  lard  and  oleo  department  _. 35 

Roller  oiler.      {See   Cattle-killmg  gang.) 


INDEX  11 

Page 

Roller,  tierces.     {See  Laborer,  lard  and  oleo  department.) 

Eoper.     {See  Linker,  sausage  department.) 

Roimd  trimmer.     {See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

Roustabout,  casing  department.  (See  Laborer,  casing  de- 
partment.) 

Roustabout,  cured-meat  department.  {See  Laborer,  cured- 
meat  department.) 

Roustabout,  fresh-pork  department.  {See  Laborer,  fresh- 
pork  department.) 

Roustabout,  hide  department.  {See  Laborer,  hide  depart- 
ment.) 

Roustabout,  lard  and  oleo  department.  {See  Laborer,  lard 
and  oleo  department.) 

Roustabout,  meat-canning  department.  {See  Laborer,  meat- 
canning  department.) 

Roustabout,  sausage  department.  {See  Laborer,  sausage 
department.) 

Rubber.     {See  Curer.) 

Rumper,  cattle-killing  department _ 20 

Rumper,  sheep-killing  department.    {See   Sheep-killing  gang.) 

S 

Salter  and  packer,  casing  department.  {See  Casing  worker, 
casing  department.) 

Salter,  cured-meat  department.     {See   Curer.) 

Salter,  hide  department.     {See  Laborer,  hide  department.) 

Sausage  canner,  meat-canning  department.  {See  Stuffer  or 
packer,  meat,  meat-canning  department.) 

Sausage  cutter,  meat-canning  department.  {See  General 
worker,  meat-canning  department.) 

Sawyer,  fresh-pork  department 33 

Sawyer-off ,  feet,  fresh-pork  department.  {See  Laborer,  fresh- 
pork  department.) 

Sawyer-off,  horns,  offal  department.  {See  Machine  operator, 
offal  department.) 

Sawyer,  power,  fresh-beef  department.  {See  Utility  man, 
fresh-beef  department.) 

Sawyer,  shanks  or  shin  bones,  offal  department.  {See  Machine 
operator,  offal  department.) 

Scalder,  hog-killing  department    23 

Scaler,  meat-canning  department _ —         42 

Scaler  or  weigher  and  packer,  sausage  department.  {See 
Packer,  sausage  department.) 

Scalper.     {See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

Scraper,  seeding  trucks,  lard  and  oleo  department.  {See  La- 
borer, lard  and  oleo  department.) 

Scraper,  pig's  feet,  offal  department.  {See  Pig's  feet  cleaner, 
offal  department.) 

Scribe  sawyer,  cattle-killing  department.  {See  Cattle-killing 
gang.) 

Scribe  sawyer,  fresh-pork  department.  {See  Sawyer,  fresh-pork 
department.) 


12  INDEX 


Page 


Server,  meat,  meat-canning  department.     {See  General  work- 
er, meat  canning  department.) 
Setter,  lard  and  oleo  department.     {See   Melter,  lard  and  oleo 

department.) 
Setter,  or  Boston  setter,  sheep-killing  department.    {See  Dress- 
er.) 
Sewer.    {See  Laborer,  cured-meat  department.) 
Shackler,  hog-killing  department.    {See  Hog-killing  gang.) 
Shackler,  sheep-killing  department.     {See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 
Shackler  or  slinger,  cattle-killing  department.      {See  Cattle- 
killing  gang.) 
Shank  pinner,  sheep-killing  department.     {See    Sheep-killing 

Shank  skinner,  cattle-killing  department.  {See  Cattle-killing 
gang.) 

Shaver  or  scraper,  hog-killing  department.  {See  Hog-killing 
gang.) 

Shaver,  pig's  feet,  offal  department.  {See  Pig's  feet  cleaner, 
offal  department.) 

Sheep-killing  gang 26 

Shipper,  fresh-beef  department.  {See  Packer  or  lugger,  fresh- 
beef  department.) 

Shipper,  sausage  department.  {See  Packer,  sausage  depart- 
ment.) 

Shoulder  boner,  fresh-pork  department.  {See  Cutter,  fresh- 
pork  department.) 

Shoulder  chopper,  fresh-pork  department.  {See  Chopper,  fresh- 
pork  department.) 

Shoulder  puncher,  sheep-killing  department.  {See  Sheep-kill- 
ing gang.) 

Shoulder  sawyer,  fresh-pork  department.  {See  Sawyer,  fresh- 
pork  department.) 

Shoulder  trimmer,  fresh-pork  department.  {See  Cutter,  fresh- 
pork  department.) 

Shover,  cattle-killing  department.     {See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

Shover,  fresh-pork  department.  {See  Laborer,  fresh-pork 
department.) 

Shover,  meat-canning  department.  {See  Laborer,  meat-can- 
ning department.) 

Shover,  sheep-killing  department.     {See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

Sider.     {See  Floorman,  cattle-killing  department.) 

Singer,  hog-killing  department.     {See  Hog-killing  gang.) 

Singer,  pig's  feet,  offal  department.  {See  Pig's  feet  cleaner, 
offal  department.) 

Sizer.     {See  Grader,  cured-meat  department.) 

Skewer-up.     {See  Cattle-kilUng  gang.) 

Skin  bundler.     {See  Laborer,  tresh-pork  department.) 

Skinner.     {See  Melter,  lard  and  oleo  department.) 

Skirt  trimmer.     {See  Cattle-kiUing  gang.) 

Skull  spUtter  or  chopper.  {See  Machine  operator,  offal  de- 
partment.) 

Slimer.     {See  Casing  cleaner,  casing  department.) 

Small-order  man.     {See  Utility  man,  fresh-pork  department.) 


Page 

Smoker,  cured-meat  department.     {See  Curer.) 

Smoker,  sausage  department 37 

Smoker's  helper,  cured-meat  department.    {See  Laborer,  cured- 
meat  department.) 
Smoker's  helper,  sausage  department.     {See  Laborer,  sausage 

department.) 
Snout  puller.     {See  Machine  operator,  offal  department.) 
Solderer.     {See  Capper,  meat-canning  department.) 
Sorter.     (See  Grader,  cured-meat  department.) 
Sorter's  helper.     {See  Laborer,  cured-meat  department.) 
Soup  man.     {See  Cooker,  meat-canning  department.) 
Spacer.     {See  Laborer,  fresh-pork  department.) 
Speller,  fresh-beef  department.     {See  Utility  man,  fresh-beef 

department.) 
Speller,  sheep-killing  department.     {See  Utility  man,  sheep- 
killing  department.) 

Splitter,  cattle-killing  department. _ 21 

Splitter,  hog-killing  department 23 

Splitter,  pig's  feet.     {See  Pig's  feet  cleaner,  offal  department.) 
Spotter.     {See  Grader,  cured-meat  department.) 
Spreader.     {See  Laborer,  hide  department.) 
Squilgeer.     {See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 
Steamer.     {See  Hog-killing  gang.) 
Steam  man.     {See  Cooker,  meat-canning  department.) 
Sterilizer  or  cleaner,  cans.     {See  General  worker,  meat-canning 
department.) 

Sticker,  cattle-killing  department 21 

Sticker,  hog-killing  department _ 23 

Sticker,  sheep-killing  department.  _ 26 

Stower.     {See  Packer  or  lugger,  fresh-beef  department.) 

Strapper,     {See  Packer,  meat-canning  department.) 

Straw   boss,    cattle-killing    department.     {See    Utility   man, 

cattle-killing  department.) 
Straw    boss,    cured-meat    department.     {See    Utility    man, 

cured-meat  department.) 
Straw  boss,  fresh-beef  department.     {See  Utility  man,  fresh- 
beef  department.) 
Straw  boss,  fresh-pork  department.     {See  Utility  man,  fresh- 
pork  department.) 
Straw  boss,  sausage  department.     {See  Utility  man,  sausage 

department.) 
Stripper.     {See  Casing  cleaner,  casing  department.) 

Stuffer  or  packer,  meat,  meat-canning  aepartment. 43 

Subforeman.     {See  Utility  man,  sausage  aepartment.) 

Stuffer  sausage  department 37 

Subforeman.     {See   Utility   man,    sausage    department.) 
Sweeper.     {See  Laborer,  meat-canning  department.) 
Sweetbread  trimmer.     {See  Trimmer,  offal  department.) 

T 

Tagger.     {See  Packer,  sausage  department.) 
Tail  ripper  and  puller.     {See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 


14  INDEX 

Page 

Tail  sawyer.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

Tail  trimmer.     {See    Cattle-killing    gang.) 

Taker-away   and   piler,   barrels   and    tierces.     {See   Laborer, 

lard  and  oleo  department.) 
Taker  from  pumpers.     {See  Laborer,  cured-meat  department.) 
Taker-up,  hides.     {See  Laborer,  hide  department.) 
Tally  girls.     {See  General  worker,  meat-canning  department.) 
Tank  man.     {See  Melter,  lard  and  oleo  department.) 
Temperature  or  cooler  man.     {See  Laborer,  fresh-pork  depart- 
ment.) 
Templer.     {See  Trimmer,  offal  department.) 
Tier,  cured-meat  department.     {See  Laborer,  cured-meat  de- 
partment.) 
Tier,  sausage  department.     {See  Casing  worker;  Linker ;  Packer, 

sausage  department.) 
Toe  puller.     {See  Pig's  feet  cleaner,  offal  department.) 
Tonguer  or  cutter  out,  tongues.     {See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 
Tongue  trimmer.     {See  Trimmer,  offal  department.) 
Tray  carrier.     {See  General  worker,  meat-canning  department.) 
Trimmer,  casing  department.     {See  Casing  worker,  casing  de- 
partment.) 
Trimmer,  cured-meat  department.     {See  Butcher,  cured-meat 
department.) 

Trimmer,  fresh-beef  department _ 32 

Trimmer,  hide  department _ 29 

Trimmer,  offal  department 28 

Trimmer,  general.     {See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 
Trimmer,  meat.     {See  Cutter,  fresh-pork  department.) 
Trimmer,   pig's  feet.     {See  pig's  feet   cleaner,   offal  depart- 
ment.) 
Trimmer,   trimmings.     {See  Cutter,  fresh-pork  department.) 

Tripe  cooker,  offal  department 28 

Tripe  scraper  and  finisher,  offal  department 28 

Tripe  washer,  offal  department.     {See  Laborer,  offal  depart- 
ment.) 
Trucker,   casing  department.     {See  Laborer,   casing   depart- 
ment.) 
Trucker,  cattle-killing  department.     {See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 
Tracker,    fresh-beef    department.     {See    Laborer,    fresh-beef 

department.) 
Trucker,   fresh-pork   department.     {See  Laborer,   fresh-pork 

department.) 
Trucker,  hide  department.     {See  Laborer,  hide  department.) 
Trucker,  hog-killmg  department.     {See  Hog-killing  gang.) 
Trucker,  lard  and  oleo  department.     (/See  Laborer,  lard  and 

oleo  department.) 
Trucker,    meat-canning    department.      {See    Laborer,    meat- 
canning  department.) 
Trucker,  offal  department.     {See  Laborer,  offal  department.) 
Trucker,  sausage  department.      {See  Laborer,  sausage  depart- 
ment.) 
Trucker,  sheep-killing  department.     {See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 
Truck  loader  and  unloaaer.     {See  Laborer,  lard  and  oleo  de- 
partment.) 


INDEX  15 

Page 

Truck  washer.     {See  Laborer,  cured-meat  department.) 

Tubman.     {See  Scalder,  hog-killing  department.) 

TiKner,  casing  department.  {See  Casmg  cleaner,  casing  de- 
partment.) 

Turner,  sausage  department.  {See  Casing  worker,  sausage  de- 
partment.) 

Twister.     {See  Linker,  sausage  department.) 

U 

Utility  man,  cattle-killing  department. 21 

Utility  man,  cured-meat  department _ 40 

Utility  man,  fresh-beef  department _ _._-  32 

Utility  man,  fresh-pork  department.  _ 34 

Utility  man,  hog-killing  department  _  _ . 24 

Utility  man,  meat-cleaning  department.  {See  General  worker, 
meat-cleaning  department.) 

Utility  man,  sausage  department 37 

Utility  man,  sheep-killing  department 26 

V 

Vacuum  operator.     {See  Capper.) 

Vacuum  tender.     '{See  Capper.) 

Varnisher,  barrels  and  tierces.     {See  Laborer,  lard  and  oleo 

department.) 
Vat  tender.     {See  Cooker,  meat-canning  department.) 
Vat  washer.     {See  Laborer,  cured-meat  department.) 
Vent  inspector.     {See  Inspector,  meat-canning  department.) 

W 

Washer  and  wiper.     {See  Cattle-killing  gang^) 

Washer,  ham  cylinders.     {See  Laborer,  sausage  department.) 

Washer,  hog-killing  department.     {See  Hog-killing  gang.) 

Washer,  offal  department.     {See  Laborer,  offal  department.) 

Washer  or  scrubber.     {See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

Washer,  sausage  department.     {See  Casing  worker,  sausage 

department.) 
Washer,  seeding  trucks.     {See  Laborer,  lard  and  oleo  depart- 
ment.) 
Weasand  trimmer.     {See  Trimmer,  offal  department.) 
Weigher.     {See  Scaler,  meat-canning  department.) 
Wheelman.     {See  Pressman,  lard  and  oleo  department.) 
Wiper,  sheep-killing  department.     {See  Sheep-killing  §ang.) 
Wiper,  filled  cans.     {See  General  worker,  meat-canning  de- 
partment.) 
Wrapper,  fresh-pork  department.     {See  Laborer,  fresh-pork. 

department.)  * 

Wrapper,  sausage  department.     {See  Packer,  sausage  depart- 
ment.) 
Wrapper,   cartons.     {See  General  worker,  meat-canning  de- 
partment.) 
Wrppping-machine    operator.     {See    General    worker,    meat- 
canning  department.) 

88851°— 18 3 


CODE  WORDS 


Code  word 

Page 

Code  word 

Page 

Back 

19 
24 
38 
19 
30 
30 
30 
31 
31 
32 
33 
35 
36 
36 
38 
40 
40 
24 
20 
25 
31 
36 
41 
38 
22 
22 
22 
27 
29 
30 
41 
20 
27 
29 
30 
31 
33 
34 
36 

Lad  V - 

36 

Bacon 

Lag      

38 

Bade 

Laid 

41 

Cab      

Mace  - - 

27 

Cabin                         _    _ 

Mad  _ 

34 

Cable 

Madam             _   _ 

42 

Cache 

Paca.__ __ 

27 

Cad 

Pace  __ _ __ 

28 

Caddy _ 

Paced      

32 

Cadet-   - 

Pacer         .   _       _   _   _ 

34 

Cage _ •_- 

Pack. 

35 

Cake 

Pact... 

37 

Calf 

Pad 

42 

Calk  . 

Rabbi 

20 

Call :... 

Rabid 

35 

CaJla 

Saber 

21 

Calml .    _   _ 

Sable     .           _       -   _ 

23 

Dade-._ 

Sabot 

23 

Fable 

Sack 

23 

Face 

Sad ... 

26 

Gable _   .   _ 

Sadly 

26 

Gaff 

Safe 

33 

Gain 

Sage.. 

37 

Gayly ..   

Sago -   _   _ 

42 

Habit .   .   . 

Said 

43 

Hack. 

Sheer.  _ 

21 

Had 

Spade 

37 

Ibex 

Tab.      -       

28 

Ibid 

Tabby 

32 

Ibis 

Table 

28 

Ice _   _ 

Tabor 

28 

Kale _   . 

Tack 

29 

Label--  _ 

Ugly 

21 

Labor  __ 

Ukase    _    _   .   . 

24 

Lace 

Ulcer 

26 

Laced . 

Ultra 

33 

Lack __ 

Umbra 

34 

Lad 

Unapt 

37 

Ladle 

Unbar 

40 

16 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  OCCUPATIONS:  SLAUGHTERING  AND  MEAT 

PACKING 


PREPARED  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES  EMPLOYMENT  SERVICE  BY  THE  UNITED 
STATES  BUREAU  OF  LABOR  STATISTICS. 


INTRODUCTORY  STATEMENT 

These  descriptions  of  occupations  are  based  on  investigations,  in- 
cluding private  interviews  and  correspondence,  extending  over  prac- 
tically the  entire  United  States. 

The  outstanding  fact  developed  by  these  investigations  is  that 
there  are  few  standard  or  generally  accepted  departments.  It  has 
been  necessary,  therefore,  for  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics  to  divide 
the  industry  into  departments  according  to  kind  and  character  of 
work  done,  to  define  certain  occupational  terms  and  classifications, 
and  to  assume  the  acceptance  of  these  definitions  by  those  using  the 
descriptions.  The  bureau  is  fully  aware  of  the  fact  that  in  some 
cases  subdivisions  may  have  been  carried  too  far.  This  fault  can  be 
corrected  only  by  means  of  suggestions  and  criticisms  arising  from 
the  use  of  the  descriptions  in  filling  positions. 

The  users  of  these  descriptions  are  urged  to  send  to  the  Bureau 
of  Labor  Statistics  all  suggestions  and  criticisms  as  they  arise,  so 
that  eventually  there  may  be  developed  a  national  standard  of  occu- 
pational descriptions. 

Acknowledgment 

The  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics  wishes  to  thank  all  those  who  have 
contributed  to  the  compilation  of  these  descriptions.  So  many  in- 
dividuals and  representatives  of  various  organizations  have  been 
consulted  that  it  is  impossible  to  make  special  mention  of  such 
services. 

17 


PREFATORY  STATEMENT 
IMPORTANT 

The  objects  of  these  descriptions  are  to  furnish  definitions  of  the  various 
occupations,  so  that  specifications  for  help  may  be  made  uniform,  and  to  fur- 
nish a  means  by  which  the  prospective  employee  may  be  informed  as  to  the 
nature  of  the  work  he  will  be  expected  to  do. 

Each  occupation  has  been  described  under  the  most  generally  accepted  title. 
The  descriptions  have  been  carefully  prepared  with  the  view  of  stating  clearly 
and  briefly  what  each  occupation  requires  in  the  way  of  performance  and  quali- 
fications, so  that  a  foreman  or  employment  manager  can  readily  specify  the  help 
wanted  and  can  pick  the  worker  best  fitted  to  fill  the  position. 

Without  such  standard  definitions  advertisements  and  appeals  from  the 
various  government  departments  or  from  a  central  employment  agency  would 
lose  their  effectiveness,  especially  when  the  recruiting  is  Nation  wide. 

The  statement  of  actual  requirements  under  the  heading  of  "  Schooling  " 
does  not  have  reference  to  those  already  working,  but  should  be  interpreted 
to  mean  that  no  one  should  enter  the  specified  position  at  the  present  time 
without  having  the  equivalent  of  the  stated  schooling.  "  Common  school " 
signifies  the  completion  of  the  common-school  course. 

Directions  for  Using  Descriptions  and  Code  Words 

INDEX:   In  order  to  find  any  given  occupational  description  use  the  index. 

CODE  WORDS:  Each  description  has  a  code  word  which,  when  communi- 
cated to  any  person  who  has  access  to  these  descriptions  of  occupations,  will 
enable  him  to  ascertain  exactly  what  is  called  for  by  referring  to  the  description 
indicated  by  the  code  word.     (See  Code  words.) 

If  an  employee  is  wanted  who  has  training  sufficient  to  do  work  in  any  two 
or  more  occupations  described,  the  code  words  of  these  descriptions  should  be 
combined  to  indicate  the  combination  of  qualifications;  for  example:  The  code 
word  designating  a  HAM  FACER  and  a  HEADER  (see  page  22)  would  be  HABIT- 
HACK. 

18 


CATTLE-KILLING  DEPARTMENT 

ALL-ROTIND  MAN.     (See  Utility  man.) 

BACKER.     (>S'ee  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

BLADDER  TIER.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

BREAST  OR  BRISKET  SAWYER.      (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

BRUISE  TRIMMER.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

BUNG  DROPPER.     (See  Cattle-kilUng  gang.) 

BUTCHER,  GENERAL  BACK 

Kindred  Occupations:  Like  occupations  in  hog  and  sheep-killing  depart- 
ments. 
Description:  The  general  butcher  does  all  the  operations  necessary  in  the 
slaughtering  and  dressing  of  cattle.  This  employee,  as  a  rule,  is  found 
only  in  small  establishments,  or  establishments  that  are  primarily  engaged 
in  the  slaughtering  of  hogs.  •< 

Qualifications:  Good  health  and  a  willingness  to  work  in  a  meat-packing 
house.  Must  have  had  a  wide  experience  in  the  slaughtering  and  dress- 
ing of  cattle. 

CATTLE-KILLING  GANG  •  CAB 

As  follows:  Backer;  Bladder  tier;  Breast  or  brisket  sawyer;  Bruise  trim- 
mer; Bung  dropper;  Caul  puller;  Chuck  splitter;  Cleaner  or  squilgeer ; 
Crotch  or  aitch-bone  breaker ;  Driver ;  Dropper ;  Fell  cutter ;  Fell  puller 
and  beater  ;  Foot  skinner  ;  Gullet  raiser  ;  Gutter ;  Header ;  Head  .holder ; 
Hide  dropper  ;  Hoister  ;  Laborer ;  Leg  breaker ;  Pritcher-up ;  Ripper  open  ; 
Roller  oiler ;  Round  trimmer ;  Scribe  sawyer ;  Shackler  or  slinger ;  Shank 
skinner;  Shover ;  Skewer-up  (necks  and  loins);  Skirt  trimmer;  Tail 
ripper  and  puller;  Tail  sawyer;  Tail  trimmer;  Tonguer  or  cutter-out, 
tongues  ;  Trimmer,  general ;  Trucker  ;  Washer  and  wiper. 

Description:  The  group  of  the  cattle-killing  gang  given  here  performs  all 
the  necessary  operations  incident  to  the  slaughtering  and  dressing  of 
cattle  except  those  done  by  the  knocker,  sticker,  floorsman,  rumper,  and 
splitter,  as  indicated  by  the  respective  occupational  names. 

Qualifications:   Good  health  and  physique. 

CAUL  PULLER.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

CHUCK  SPLITTER.      (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

CLEANER  OR  SQUILGEER.      (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

CROTCH  OR  AITCH-BONE  BREAKER.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

DRITER.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

DROPPER.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

FELL  CUTTER.      (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

FELL  PULLER  AND  BEATER.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

19 


20  CATTLE-KILLING  DEPARTMENT 

FLOORMAN  FABLE 

Description:  The  floorman  or  sider  removes  the  hide  from  the  beast  or 
brisket,  belly,  inside  the  hind  legs  and  around  the  crotch,  and  from  the 
sides.  This  is  one  of  the  most  important  operations  on  the  killing  floor, 
and  requires  long  experience,  skill,  speed,  care,  and  dexterity  and 
accuracy  in  handling  and  using  a  skinning  knife.  It  is  the  operation  that 
the  laborer,  dropper,  pritcher-up,  foot  skinner,  and  leg  breaker  hope  to 
be  able  to  perform.  The  order  of  promotion  is  as  a  rule  in  the  order  here 
given. 
Qualifications:  Good  health  and  a  willingness  to  work  in  a  meat-packing 
house. 

FOOT  SKINNER.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

GULLET  RAISER.     (iSfee  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

GUTTER.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

HANDY  MAN.     (See  Utility  man.) 

HEADER.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

HEAD  HOLDER.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

HIDE  DROPPER.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

HOISTER.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

KNOCKER  KALE 

Description:  The  knocker  walks  on  boards  at  the  top  and  over  the  edge  of 
the  knocking  pen,  strikes  the  cattle  in  the  forehead  with  a  hammer  weigh- 
ing about  4  pounds,  pulls  the  rope  attached  to  the  hoisting  machinery, 
and  dumps  the  cattle  to  the  killing  floor.  When  the  knocker  is  assisted, 
the  assistant,  who  is  a  laborer,  pulls  the  rope. 

Qualifications:  This  occupation  requires  strength,  agility,  and  accuracy  in 
judging  distance. 

LABORER.      (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

LEG  BREAKER.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

PRITCHER-UP.      (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

RIPPER  OPEN.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

ROLLER  OILER.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

ROUND  TRIMMER.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

RUMPER  RABBI 

Description:  The  rumper  skins  the  hide  from  around  the  rump  and  top  of 
the  hips.  This  is  a  very  important  operation  as  the  hide  on  that  part 
of  the  animal  adheres  very  closely  to  the  meat  or  carcass,  making  it 
extremely  difficult  to  remove  it  without  cutting  or  scoring  it  or  cutting 
through  the  membrane  that  covers  the  outer  surface  of  the  meat  or 
carcass.  A  cut  or  score  in  the  hide  decreases  its  value.  A  cut  through 
the  membrane  mars  the  appearance  of  the  meat  or  carcass. 
Qualifications:  Good  health  and  a  willingness  to  work  in  a  meat-packing 
house. 

SCRIBE  SAWYER.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 


CATTLE-KILLING  DEPARTMENT  21 

SHACKLER  OR  SLINGER.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 
SHANK  SKINNER.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 
SHOVER.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 
SIDER.     (See  Floorman.) 
SKEWER-UP.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 
SKIRT  TRIMMER.     {See  Cattle-kilUng  gang.) 

SPLITTER  SABER 

Description:  The  splitter  splits  through  the  center  of  the  backbone  or 
vertebrie  from  a  point  opposite  the  hip  joint  to  the  neck.  A  long,  heavy, 
sharp  cleaver  is  used  in  this  operation.  The  occupation  is  one  of  the 
most  important  on  the  killing  floor,  and  requires  strength,  skill,  long 
experience,  steady  hands,  and  accurate  eye.  It  is  the  operation  that  the 
tail  sawyer  and  chuck  splitter  hope,  to  be  able  to  perform. 
Qualifications:  Good  health  and  a  willingness  to  work  in  a  meat-packing 
house. 

STICKER  SHEER 

Description:  The  sticker  sticks  the  cattle  in  the  neck  with  a  knife,  cutting 

the  arteries  running  from  the  heart  to  the  neck. 
Qualifications:  The  duties  of  the  sticker  require  accuracy,  judgment,  and 

speed.     Experience  is  necessary  in  order  to  perform  this  task  with  skill 

and  dexterity. 

STRAW  BOSS.     {See  Utility  man.) 

TAIL  RIPPER  AND  PULLER.     (See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

TAIL  SAWYER.     {See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

TAIL  TRIMMER.     {See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

TONGUER  OR  CUTTER-OUT,  TONGUES.      {See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

TRIMMER,  GENERAL.     {See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

TRUCKER.     {See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 

UTILITY  MAN  UGLY 

Kindred  Occupations:  Like  occupations  in  sheep  and  hog  killing  depart- 
ments. 
Description:  The  utility  man  is  an  experienced,  all-round,  handy  employee 
who  is  shifted  from  one  kind  of  work  to  another  as  needed  and  fills  in 
temporarily  for  employees  who  are  absent  from  duty. 
Qualifications:  Good  health  and  a  willingness  to  work  in  a  meat-packing 
house.  He  must  have  had  a  wide  experience  in  performing  the  different 
operations  in  the  department. 

WASHER  AND  WIPER.     {See  Cattle-killing  gang.) 


22  HOG-KILLING  DEPARTMENT 

HOG-KILLING  DEPARTMENT 
BRUISE  TRIMMER.     (See  Hog-killing  gang.) 
BUNG  DROPPER.      (See  Hog-killing  gang.) 
CLEANER   OR  SQUILGEER.     (See  Hog-killing  gang.) 
CROTCH  OR  AITCH-BONE  BRllAKER.      (See  Hog-killing  gang.) 
CUTTER-OFF,  HEADS.     (See  Hog-killing  gang.) 
DRIVER.     (See  Hog-killing  gang.) 
DROPPER.     (See  Hog-killing  gang.) 
DUCKER  OR  POLE  MAN.     (See  Hog-killing  gang.) 
GAM  CUTTER,     (^'ee  Hog-killing  gang.) 
GUTTER.     (See  Hog-killing  gang.) 

HAM  FACER  HABIT 

Description:  The  ham  facer  trims  or  cuts  the  surplus  fat  from  the  face  or 

inside  of  the  ham.    This  is  done  to  improve  the  appearance  of  the  ham 

and  to  show  as  much  lean  as  possible. 

Qualifications:  Good  health  and  a  willingness  to  work  in  a  meat-packing 

house.    This  occupation  requires  dexterity  in  handling  and  using  a  knife. 

HANGER-OFF  OR  FEEDER.     (iSfee  Hog-killing  gang.) 

HEADER  HACK 

Description:  The  header  cuts  the  head  from  the  carcass,  unjointing  it  at 
the  first  joint  of  the  vertebrae  immediately  back  of  the  head,  leaving  the 
head  hanging  by  a  small  part  of  the  skin  and  jowl.  The  head  is  so  left 
on  the  carcass  that  the  Government  inspector  may  cut  into  the  glands 
of  the  head  for  signs  of  tuberculosis  or  other  disease. 

Qualifications:  Good  health  and  a  willingness  to  work  in  a  meat-packing 
house.  This  occupation  requires  care  and  dexterity  in  handling  and 
using  a  knife. 

HOG-EILLING  GANG  HAD 

As  follows:  Bruise  trimmer;  Bung  dropper;  Cleaner  or  squilgeer;  Crotch 
or  aitch-bone  breaker ;  Cutter-off,  heads ;  Driver ;  Dropper ;  Ducker  or 
pole  man ;  Gam  cutter ;  Gutter ;  Hanger-off  or  feeder ;  Holder ;  Hooker- 
off;  Hooker-on;  Kidney  puller;  Laborer;  Leaf-lard  puller;  Leaf-lard 
scraper  ;  Penner  ;  Ripper-open  ;  Shackler  ;  Shaver  or  scraper  ;  Singer  ; 
Steamer;  Trucker;  Washer. 

Description:  The  group  of  the  hog-killing  gang  given  here  performs  the 
various  operations  of  slaughtering  and  dressing  hogs,  except  those  done 
by  the  sticker,  scalder  or  tubman,  header,  ham  facer,  and  splitter,  as 
indicated  by  the  occupational  names. 

Qualifications:  Good  health  and  a  willingness  to  work  in  a  meat-packing 
house. 

Schooling:  The  penner  must  be  able  to  read  and  write  and  keep  a  record 
of  the  "  lots  "  of  hogs  received  for  slaughter. 

HOLDER.     (See  Hog-killing  gang.) 

HOOKER-OFF.     (See  Hog-killing  gang.) 


HOG-KILLING  DEPARTMENT  23 

HOOKER-ON.     (See  Hog-killing  gang.) 

KIDNEY  PULLER.     {See  Hog-killing  gang.) 

LABORER.     (See  Hog-killing  gang.) 

LEAF-LARD  PULLER.     (See  Hog-killing  gang.) 

LEAF-LARD  SCRAPER.     (See  Hog-killing  gang.) 

PENNER.     (See  Hog-killing  gang.) 

RIPPER-OPEN.     (See  Hog-killing  gang.) 

SCALDER  SABLE 

Description:  The  scalder  regulates  the  temperature  of  the  water  in  the 
scalding  vats  or  tubs ;  keeps  the  water  at  the  required  temperature ; 
tests  the  scalding  of  the  hogs  while  in  the  vats,  using  a  pole  with  a 
small  scraper  or  hook  on  one  end  to  determine  whether  the  scalding  is 
sufficient.  This  operation  is  very  important,  as  time  and  work  necessary 
to  do  the  scraping  or  shaving  are  increased  or  decreased  by  poor  or  good 
scalding. 
Qualifications:  Good  health  and  a  willingness  to  work  in  a  meat-packing 
house.    This  occupation  requires  close  and  careful  attention. 

SHACKLER.     (See  Hog-killing  gang.) 

SHAVER  OR  SCRAPER.     (See  Hog-killing  gang.) 

SINGER.     (See  Hog-killing  gang.) 

SPLITTER  SABOT 

Description:  The  splitter  separates  the  hog  or  carcass  into  halves  by 
cutting  through  the  center  of  the  backbone  from  the  tail  to  the  head. 
In  some  establishments  the  splitting  is  done  by  cutting  the  ribs  from 
the  backbone,  thereby  taking  the  backbone  out  whole.  A  heavy,  sharp 
cleaver  is  used  in  this  operation. 

Qualifications:  Average  physical  strength  and  adaptability  to  surroundings 
and  duties.     This  operation  requires  skill  and  strength. 

STEAMER.     (See  Hog-killing  gang.) 

STICKER  SACK 

Description:  The  sticker  sticks  the  hogs  in  the  neck,  penetrating  the  neck 
to  the  hollow,  cutting  the  arteries  running  from  the  heart  to  the  head. 
In  some  establishments  the  sticker  is  assisted  by  a  laborer  or  apprentice 
helper,  who  catches  and  holds  the  hog  as  it  comes  to  him  over  the  rail 
leading  from  the  wheel,  and  who  often  substitutes  for  the  sticker,  being 
paid  approximately  the  sticker's  rate  of  wage. 
Qualifications:  Exceptional  strength  and  willingness  to  perfoim  a  gruesome 
task.  Experience  is  necessary  in  order  to  perform  this  task  with  skill 
and  dexterity. 

TRUCKER.     (See  Hog-killing  gang.) 
TUBMAN.     (See  Scalder.) 


24  HOG-KILLIKG  DEPARTMENT 

UTILITY  MAN  TTKASE 

Kindred  Occupations:  Like  duties  in  cattle  and  sheep-killing  departments. 
Description:  The  utility  man  is  an  all-round,  efficient,  handy  man,  who  is 
shifted  from  one  kind  of  work  to  another,  as  needed,  filling  in  for  regular 
employees  who  are  temporarily  absent  from  duty. 
Qualifications:  Average  physical  strength  and  adaptability  to  surroundings 
and  duties.  The  utility  man  must  have  had  a  wide  experience  in  per- 
forming various  operations  in  the  department. 

WASHER.     (See  Hog-killing  gang.) 

SHEEP-KILLING  DEPARTMENT 

ALL-ROUND  MAN.     (See  UtiJity  man.) 

BACK  PULLER.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

BREAST  OR  BRISKET  PULLER.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

BREAST  OR  BRISKET  SPLITTER.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

BUNG  DROPPER.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

BUTCHER,  GENERAL  BACON 

Kindred  Occupations:  Like  occupations  In  cattle  and  hog-killing  depart- 
ments. 
Description:  The  general  butcher  dresses  sheep  and  calves,  doing  all  the 
operations  necessary  in  slaughtering  and  dressing  the  animals.  This 
employee  is  usually  found  in  establishments  where  only  .a  small  number 
of  animals  are  slaughtered  from  day  to  day.  In  most  establishments 
he  does  other  work, 
ftualifications :  Average  physical  strength  and  adaptability  to  surroundings 
and  duties.  The  general  butcher  should  have  had  a  wide  experience 
covering  all  the  different  operations  incident  to  the  slaughtering  and 
dressing  of  animals. 

CAUL  DRESSER.     (See  Dresser.) 

CAUL  PULLER.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

COD  PUNCHER.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

CUTTER-OFF,  TOES  OR  FEET.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

DRESSER  DADE 

Description :  There  are  many  methods  of  dressing  sheep,  due  to  the  demands 
of  the  trade  in  different  sections  of  the  country  and  in  different  cities 
in  the  same  section;  also,  to  the  age  and  size  of  the  animals.  A  few  of 
the  methods  most  used  are  as  follows : 

The  caul  dresser  takes  the  caul  fat  and  drapes  or  hangs  it  around  the 
hind  legs  and  over  the  kidneys,  and,  in  some  establishments,  fastens  it 
to  the  legs  with  small  wooden  skewers. 

The  rib  sawyer,  or  Boston  cutter,  saws  across  the  ribs  inside  the  car- 
cass about  midway  between  the  backbone  and  belly,  using  a  small  scribe 
saw,  and  bends  the  brisket  and  ribs  outward. 

The  setter,  or  Boston  setter,  places  stay  sticks  insido  the  carcass  to 
hold  the  ribs  to  the  position  in  which  they  were  placed  by  the  sawyer  or 
cutter. 
Qualifications:   Average  physical  strength  and  adaptability  to  duties  and 
surroundings.     Dressing  requires  skill  and  experience. 


SHEEP-KILLING  DEPARTMENT  25 

DRIVER.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

FACER  FACE 

Description:  The  facer  rips  open  the  pelt  from  the  crotch  to  the  breast  or 
brisket,  and  removes  or  skins  it  from  the  belly,  crotch,  and  part  of  the 
sides,  by  holding  the  pelt  with  one  hand  and  punching  it  loose  from  the 
carcass  with  the  fist  of  the  other  hand.  In  some  establishments,  em- 
ployees who  do  this  work  are  called  "  putters." 

Qualifications:  Average  physical  strength  and  adaptability  to  duties  and 
surroundings.    This  operation  requires  speed  and  skill  in  using  a  knife. 

GUTTER.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

HANDY  MAN.     (See  Utility  man.) 

HANGER-UP,  RACKS.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

HEADER.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

HOLDER.      (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

HOOKER-ON.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

HOOKER-UP.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

JAW  SKINNER.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

JOINT  BREAKER.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

LABORER.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

LEG  CROSSER.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

LEGGER.      (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

LEG  ROLLER.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

NECK  TRIMMER     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

PELT  DROPPER.  (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

PENNER.      (See  Sheep-killing  gangi) 

PUTTER.     (See  Facer.) 

RAISER  AND  TIER  OF  WEASANDS.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

RIB  SAWYER  OR  BOSTON  CUTTER.     (See  Dresser.) 

RIPPER-OPEN.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

RUMPER.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

SCALPER.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

SETTER  OR  BOSTON  SETTER.     (See  Dresser.) 

SHACKLER.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

SHANK  PINNER.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 


26  SHEEP-KILLING   DEPARTMENT 

SHEEP-KILLING  GANG  SAD 

As  follows:  Back  puller ;  Breast  or  brisket  puller  ;  Breast  or  brisket  splitter ; 
Bung  dropper  ;  Caul  puller ;  Cod  puncher  ;  Cutter-off,  toes  or  feet ;  Driver ; 
Gutter;  Hanger-up,  racks;  Header;  Holder;  Hooker-on;  Hooker-up; 
Jaw  skinner  ;  Joint  breaker  ;  Laborer  ;  Leg  crosser  ;  Legger  ;  Leg  roller ; 
Neck  trimmer^  Pelt  dropper;  Penner;  Raiser  and  tier  of  weasands; 
Ripper-open ;  Rumper ;  Scalper ;  Shackler ;  Shank  pinner ;  Shoulder 
puncher;  Shover;  Squilgeer ;  Trucker;  Washer  or  scrubber;  Wiper. 

Kindred  Occupations:  Like  occupations  in  cattle  and  hog  killing  depart- 
ments. 

Description:  The  group  of  the  sheep-killing  gang  here  given  performs  the 
various  operations  incident  to  the  slaughtering  and  dressing  of  sheep, 
except  those  done  by  the  sticker,  facer  or  pelter,  and  dresser,  as  indi- 
cated by  their  respective  occupational  names. 

ftualijacations :  Average  physical  strength  and  adaptability  to  duties  and 
surroundings. 

Schooling:  The  penner  should  be  able  to  read  and  write  and  keep  a  record 
of  the  sheep  received  for  slaughter  by  lot  and  lot  numbers. 

SHOULDER  PUNCHER.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

SHOVER.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

SPELLER.     (See  Utility  man.) 

SQUILGEER.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

STICKER  SADLY 

Kindred  Occupations:  Like  occupations  in  cattle  and  hog-killing  depart- 
ment. 

Description:  The  sticker  pulls  the  sheep  along  the  rail  to  which  they  are 
automatically  dropped  from  the  revolving  hoisting  wheel,  sticks  a  knife 
into  the  neck  near  the  back  of  the  jaw,  and  draws  the  knife  across  the 
throat,  cutting  the  jugular  vein. 

Qualifications:  Average  physical  strength  and  adaptability  to  duties  and 
surroundings.  The  operation  requires  speed  and  experience  and  skill  in 
using  the  knife. 

TRUCKER.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 

UTILITY  MAN  ULCER 

Description:  The  utility  man  in  the  sheep-killing  department  is  an  efficient, 

all-round  man  who  can  be  shifted  from  one  occupation  to  another  in  the 

department,  filling  in  for  employees  who  are  temporarily   absent  from 

duty. 
Qualifications:   Average  physical  strength  and  adaptability  to  duties  and 

surroundings.     Must   have   had   a   wide   experience   in   performing   the 

different  operations  in  the  department. 

WASHER  OR  SCRUBBER.      (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 
WIPER.     (See  Sheep-killing  gang.) 


OFFAL  OTHER   THAN   HIDES  AND   CASINGS  27 

OFFAL  OTHER  THAN  HIDES  AND  CASINGS 

CHEEKER.     (See  Trimmer.) 

CHEEK-MEAT  TRIMMER.     {See  Trimmer.) 

CHISELER.     (See  Trimmer.) 

GRADER.     (See  Inspector.) 

HEAD  OR  TTTRBINATED-BONE  GRINDER.     (See  Machine  operator.) 

HEART  TRIMMER.     (See  Trimmer.) 

INSPECTOR  IBEX 

Description :  The  inspector  examines  or  inspects  offal  trimmings  to  see  that 
the  work  has  been  properly  done,  that  they  are  clean  and  ready  for  the 
cooler,  and  to  grade  them  as  to  quality. 
Qualifications:  Average  physical  strength  and  adaptability  to  surroundings 
and  duties.  The  inspector  or  grader  mftst  have  had  experience  in 
handling  offal  so  that  he  may  be  able  to  judge  as  to  cleanliness  and 
quality. 

JAWBONE  PULLER.     (See  Machine  operator.) 

KNOCKER-OUT  OR  GRINDER-OUT,  TEETH.     (See  Machine  operator.) 

LABORER  LABEL 

Description :  The  laborer  does  the  various  kinds  of  roustabout  or  unskilled 
work  in  this  department.  He  washes  or  cleans  beef  paunches  after  they 
have  been  ripped  open  and  the  contents  dumped  out,  trucks  offal  into, 
about,  and  out  of  the  departments,  and  washes  offal  before  and  after  it 
has  been  trimmed. 

ftualifications :  Average  physical  strength  and  adaptability  to  surroundings 
and  duties. 

LIVER  TRIMMER.     (See  Trimmer.) 

MACHINE  OPERATOR  MACE 

Description:  These  employees  operate  machines  that  are  used  to  split 
heads,  pull  jawbones,  knock  or  grind  out  teeth,  remove  lard  or  grease 
from  head  bones,  saw  off  horns,  saw  shanks  or  shin  bones,  pull  snout 
skins,  or  blow  marrow  from  bones.  They  not  only  operate  the  machines, 
but  handle  the  heads  or  bones,  placing  them  in  or  on  the  machines  in 
the  necessary  or  required  positions. 

Qualifications:  Average  physical  strength  and  adaptability  to  surroundings 
and  duties. 

MARROW  BLOWER.     (See  Machine  operator.) 

PAUNCH  AND  TRIPE  TRIMMER,  RIPPER  OPEN,  AND  DUMPER.     (See  Trim- 
mer.) 

PECK  TRIMMER,  RIPPER  OPEN,  AND  DUMPER.     (See  Trimmer.) 

PIG'S  FEET  CLEANER  PACA 

Description:  The  pig's-feet  cleaner  cleans,  scrapes,  shaves,  singes,  splits, 
pulls  toes  or  hoofs,  and  trims  and  prepares  feet  for  vinegar  pickle.  In 
some  establishments  one  employee  does  all  the  work,  while  in  others  he 
does  one  operation. 
Qualifications:  Average  physical  strength  and  adaptability  to  surroundings 
and  duties. 


28  OFFAL  OTHEE  THAN   HIDES  AND  CASINGS 

PIG'S  FEET  FINISHER  PACE 

Description:  The  finisher  inspects  the  cleaning  of  pig's  feet,  does  the  final 

trimming,  packs  them  in  tierces,  and  fills  the  tierces  with  vinegar  pickle. 

Qualifications:  Average  physical  strength  and  adaptability  to  surroundings 

and  duties. 

PLUCK  TRIMMER  OR  SEPARATOR.     (See  Trimmer.) 

SAWYER-OFF,  HORNS.     {See  Machine  operator.) 

SAWYER,  SHANKS  OR  SHIN  BONES.     {See  Machine  operator.) 

SCRAPER,  PIG'S  FEET.     {See  Pig's  feet  cleaner.) 

SHAVER,  PIG'S  FEET.     {See  Pig's  feet  cleaner.) 

SINGER,  PIG'S  FEET.     {See  Pig's  feet  cleaner.) 

SKTTLL  SPLITTER  OR  CHOPPJIR.     {See  Machine  operator.) 

SNOUT  PULLER.     {See  Machine  operator.) 

SPLITTER,  PIG'S  FEET.     {See  Pig's  feet  cleaner.) 

SWEETBREAD  TRIMMER.     {See  Trimmer.) 

TEMPLER.     (^ee  Trimmer.) 

TOE  PULLER.     {See  Pig's  feet  cleaner.) 

TONGUE  TRIMMER.     {See  Trimmer.) 

TRIMMER  TAB 

Description:  The  trimmer  is  a  knife  or  chisel  worker.  He  cuts  or  chisels 
meat  from  the  various  kinds  of  offal  and  trims  it,  cutting  off  meat  skins, 
gristle,  glands,  and  membranes,  and  separates  the  fat  from  the  lean. 
In  many  establishments  the  trimmer  does  the  various  kinds  of  work 
necessary  to  save,  trim,  and  prepare  offal  for  the  cooler,  while  in  other 
establishments  each  employee  has  a  special  or  specific  operation  to 
perform. 

TRIMMER,  PIG'S  FEET.     {See  Pig's  feet  cleaner.) 

TRIPE  COOKER  TABLE 

Description :  The  tripe  cooker  or  scalder  cooks  or  scalds  beef  paunches  after 

they  have  been  thoroughly  cleaned. 
Qualifications:  The  cooking  or  scalding  of  beef  paunches  or  tripe  requires 

experience  and  care,  as  it  is  necessary  that  the  water  in  the  cooking  or 

scalding  vats  be  kept  at  the  proper  temperature. 

TRIPE  SCRAPER  AND  FINISHER  '  TABOR 

Description:  The  tripe  scraper  and  finisher  scrapes  the  inside  or  mucous 
lining  out  of  the  beef  paunch  after  it  has  been  cooked  or  scalded,  and 
finishes  the  cleaning  by  scraping  all  fat  and  the  membrane  from  the  out- 
side, leaving  only  the  muscular  tissue  of  the  paunch,  and  also  does  the 
trimming.  The  paunch  or  tripe  is  now  ready  for  packing  in  casks  or 
tierces  filled  with  vinegar. 


OFFAL  OTHER   THAN   HIDES  AND  CASINGS  29 

TRIPE  WASHER.     {See  Laborer.) 
TRUCKER.     (See  Laborer.) 
WASHER.     (See  Laborer.) 
WEASAND  TRIMMER.     (See  Trimmer.) 

HIDE  DEPARTMENT 
GRADER.      (See  Inspector  and  grader.) 

INSPECTOR  AND  GRADER  IBID 

Description:  The  inspector  examines  green  hides  for  cuts  and  scores.  The 
grader  carefully  examines  them  before  they  are  salted  down  on  packs 
and  after  they  are  cured  and  taken  from  the  packs,  grading  them  as  to 
quality. 

Qualifications:  Average  physical  strength  and  adaptability  to  duties  and 
surroundings.  The  work  done  by  the  inspector  and  tlie  grader  is  very 
important  and  requires  experience. 

LABORER  LABOR 

Description:  The  laborer  pulls  the  green  hides  from  the  bottom  of  the 
chute  leading  from  the  killing  floor  to  the  hide  cellar,  trucks  them  from 
the  chute  to  the  hide  packs,  spreads  them  on  the  packs,  hair  side  down, 
and  covers  the  flesh  side  with  a  layer  of  salt ;  pulls  them  from  the  pack 
after  they  are  cured,  shakes  out  the  salt,  sweeps,  rolls,  ties,  packs,  and 
ships  them  from  the  establishment;  and  does  general  roustabout  work. 

Qualifications:  Average  physical  strength  and  adaptability  to  duties  and 
surroundings. 

ROTJSTABOITT.     (See  Laborer.) 

SALTER.     (See  Laborer.) 

SPREADER.     (See  Laborer.) 

TAKER-TTP,  HIDES.     (See  Laborer.) 

TRIMMER  TACK 

Description :  The  trimmer  splits  the  ears  so  they  will  lie  evenly  on  the  pack 
when  the  hide  is  salted  down,  cuts  off  the  tail  or  switch,  and  cuts  off 
loose  or  hanging  particles  of  the  hide  at  the  edges  and  surplus  meat  that 
was  left  on  the  hide  when  it  was  skinned  from  the  carcass. 
Qualifications:  Average  physical  ability  and  adaptability  to  duties  and  sur- 
roundings. The  trimmer  requires  experience  in  the  use  of  the  knife  and 
in  trimming  hides. 

TRUCKER.     (See  Laborer.) 


30  CASING  DEPAKTMENT 

CASING  DEPARTMENT 
BLOWER.     (See  Inspector.) 
BLOWER  AND  TIER,  WEASANDS  AND  BLADDERS.     (See  Casing  worker.) 

CASING  CLEANER  CABIN 

Description:  The  cleaner  takes  the  bung  and  the  round  and  middle  guts 
or  casings  after  they  have  been  cut  from  the  set  and  strips  the  contents, 
from  them;  operates  machines  that  remove  the  fat  from  the  outside 
surface  and  the  slime  or  mucous  lining  from  the  inside  surface;  and 
turns  the  casings  inside  out.  In  some  establishments  the  sliming  is 
done  by  hand  both  before  and  after  the  casings  are  turned.  In  some 
the  fatting  is  done  by  one  machine  and  the  sliming  by  another.  In 
some,  general  workers  do  all  the  operations,  being  shifted  from  one  kind 
of  work  to  another  as  needed. 
Qualifications:  Average  physical  strength  and  adaptability  to  surroundings 
and  duties. 

CASING  PULLER  CABLE 

Description:  The  puller  or  runner  pulls  and  cuts  the  bung  and  the  round 
and  middle  guts  or  intestines  out  of  each  casing  set,  separating  them 
from  the  ruffle  fat.  A  casing  set  consists  of  the  intestines  and  the  ruffle 
fat.  A  cut  through  the  intestines  causes  it  to  purge  and  contaminate  it 
and  the  fat,  and  results  in  the  loss  of  the  set  for  food,  as  it  is  then  con- 
demned and  sent  to  the  inedible  tank  and  converted  into  inedible  grease 
and  fertilizer. 

Qualifications:  Average  physical  strength  and  adaptability  to  surroundings 
and  duties.  This  work  requires  speed,  skill,  and  dexterity  in  the  use  of 
a  knife. 

CASING  WORKER  CACHE 

Description:  The  measurer  and  buncher  measures  round  and  middle  in- 
testines by  length  and  makes  bunches  of  approximately  100  feet  in  each 
bunch  of  rounds  and  60  feet  in  each  bunch  of  middles ;  the  Salter  and 
packer  places  the  bunches  of  casings  into  boxes,  covers  them  with  a  suf- 
ficient quantity  of  salt,  takes  them  out  the  next  day  and  packs  them  in 
tierces ;  the  trimmer  cuts  off  fat  ends  before  they  are  cleaned  and  knots 
or  warts  after  they  have  been  cleaned  and  turned,  trims  bladders  and 
weasands,  and  skins  bungs  and  weasands;  the  blower  and  tier  of  blad- 
ders and  weasands  ties  the  neck  of  the  bladder  and  the  end  of  the 
weasand  with  cord  after  filling  them  with  air  by  the  use  of  a  compressed- 
air  machine. 

FATTER.     {See  Casing  cleaner.) 

GRADER.     (See  Inspector.) 

INSPECTOR  IBIS 

Description:  Casings  are  inspected  and  graded  by  forcing  water  through 
them  or  by  blowing  and  filling  them  with  air  by  compressed-air  machines. 
This  is  done  to  find  leaks  or  defects  and  for  separating  them  into  grades 
(narrows,  wides,  and  middles). 

LABORER  LACE 

Description:  The  laborer  does  the  various  kinds  of  unskilled  work  in  this 
department. 


CASING  DEPARTMENT  31 

MEASURER  AND  BUNCHER.     {See  Casing  worker.) 

ROUSTABOUT.     (See  Laborer.) 

SALTER  AND  PACKER.      (See  Casing  worker.) 

SLIMER.     (See  Casing  cleaner.)  ' 

STRIPPER.     (See  Casing  cleaner.) 

TRIMMER.     (See  Casing  worker.) 

TRUCKER.     (See  Laborer.) 

TURNER.     (See  Casing  cleaner.) 

FRESH-BEEF  DEPARTMENT 

BONER.     (See  Cutter.) 

BUTCHER.     (See  Cutter.) 

CALF  SKINNER  CAS 

Description:  The  calf  skinner  skins  calves  in  the  cooler.    Calves  are  fre- 
quently dressed  with  the  hides  on  and  are  sent  to  the  cooler  in  that 
condition.     After  the  carcass  is  cold  the  calf  skinner  removes  the  hide. 
Qualifications:  Average    ability,    exceptional    health,    and    good    physique. 
The  work  done  by  the  calf  skinner  requires  skill  and  experience. 

CAR  STOWER.     (See  Packer  or  lugger.) 

CUTTER  CADDY 

Description:  The  cutter  and  boner  does  the  various  cutting  and  boning 
operations,  separating  the  carcass  into  quarters  and  cuts,  and  removing 
the  bones  from  cuts. 

Qualifications:  Average  ability,  exceptional  health,  and  good  physique. 
The  work  done  by  the  cutter  and  boner  requires  skill  and  experience. 

FOREMAN'S  ASSISTANT.     (See  Utility  man.) 

FREEZER  MAN  OR  TEMPERATURE  MAN.     (See  Packer  or  lugger.) 

GRADER  GABLE 

Description:  The  grader  examines  and  inspects  cuts  of  meat  and  meat 
trimmings,  and  grades  them  as  to  weight  and  quality. 

Qualifications:  Average  ability,  exceptional  health,  and  good  physique. 
The  work  done  by  the  grader  requires  exi)erience. 

HAM  FACER  AND  MARKER.      (See  Cutter.) 

HAM  STRIPPER.      (See  Cutter.) 

HANDY  MAN.     (See  Utility  man.) 

INSPECTOR.     (iS'ee  Grader.) 

LABORER  LACED 

Description:  The  laborer  does  the  various  kinds  of  unskilled  work  in  this 

department. 
Qualifications:  Average  ability,  exceptional  health,  and  good  physique. 


3.2":  FBESH-BEEP  DEPARTMENT. 

LIFTER.     (See  Packer  or  lugger.) 

MEAT  RUNNER.     {See  Packer  or  lugger.) 

ORDER  MAN.     (See  Packer  or  lugger.) 

PACKER  OR  LUGGER  PACED 

Description:  The  packer  packs  meat  in  boxes  for  shipment  from  the  estab- 
lishment, stows  or  packs  it  in  refrigerator  cars,  or  stores  it  in  the 
freezer.  The  lugger  carries  or  lugs  quarters  of  beef  into  and  about  the 
cutting  room. 

Qualifications:  Average  ability,  exceptional  health,  and  good  physique. 
The  work  done  by  the  packer  requires  skill  and  experience.  The  work 
done  by  the  lugger  requires  strength. 

RIBBER.     (See  Cutter.) 

SAWYER,  POWER.     (See  Utility  man.) 

SHIPPER.     (See  Packer  or  lugger.) 

SPELLER.     (See  Utility  man.) 

STOWER.     (See  Packer  or  lugger.) 

STRAW  BOSS.     (See  Utility  man.) 

TRIMMER  TABBY 

Description:    The  trimmer  trims  cuts  of  meat  and  also  trims  the  meat 

trimmings,  separating  the  lean  from  the  fat. 
Qualifications:  Average  ability;  exceptional  health  and  good  physique. 

TRUCKER.     (See  Laborer.) 

UTILITY  MAN  ULTRA 

Description:  The   utility   man   is   an   efficient,   all-round   handy   man   who 

fills  in  wherever  and  whenever  needed,  performing  various  operations. 

The  power  sawyer  operates  the  saw  part  time  and  also  does  other  work. 

Qualifications:  Average    ability;    exceptional    health    and    good    physique. 

The  work  done  by  the  utility  man  requires  skill  and  experience. 

FRESH-PORK  DEPARTMENT 
ALL-ROUND  MAN.     (See  Utility  man.) 
BLOCKER.      (See  Laborer.) 
BLOCK  TENDER.     (See  Laborer.) 
BUTT  PULLER.     (See  Cutter.) 

CHOPPER  CADET 

Description:  The  chopper  chops  the  shoulder  from  the  half  carcass  of  the 
hog,  using  a  large,  heavy,  sharp  cleaver,  or  chops  the  neck  bones  or  ribs 
with  a  small  cleaver  or  hatchet. 

Qualifications:  Average  physical  strength;  skill,  speed,  and  dexterity  in 
the  use  of  a  cleaver. 

COUNTER.     (See  Laborer.) 


FRESH-PORK  DEPARTMENT.  33 

CUTTER  ^  CAGE 

Description:  The  cutter  does  the  various  operations  necessary  In  separating 
the  carcass  of  the  hog  into  cuts,  in  trimming  the  cuts,  and  in  trimming 
trimmings  of  meat  cuts. 

Qualifications:  Average  physical  strength;  skill,  speed,  and  dexterity  in  the 
use  of  a  knife.     Some  experience  is  required. 

CUTTER  DOWN,     (fifee  laborer.) 
CUTTER-OFF,  HAMS.     {See  Cutter.) 
FOREMAN'S  ASSISTANT.     (See  Utility  man.) 
HAM  BONER.     {See  Cutter.) 
HAM  SAWYER.     {See  Sawyer.) 
HAM  TRIMMER.     (See  Cutter.) 

LABORER  XACK 

Description:  The  laborer  does  the  various  kinds  of  work  in  this  department 

that  require  little  or  no  skill. 
Qualifications:  Average  ability,  exceptional  health,  and  good  physique. 

lOIN  PULLER.     {See  Cutter.) 

MACHINE  TENDER.     {See  Laborer.) 

RIBBER.     {See  Cutter.) 

RIB  CHOPPER.     {See  Chopper.) 

ROUSTABOUT.     {See  Laborer.) 

SAWYER  SAFE 

Description:  The  ham  sa\\Ter  saws  through  the  hip  bone  at  the  point  where 
the  ham  is  to  be  separated  from  the  middling  (the  cut  between  the  ham 
and  shoulder),  using  a  small  hand  meat  saw;  the  shoulder  sawyer 
separates  the  shoulder  into  the  butt  and  prime,  using  or  operating  a 
small  band  saw,  and  the  scribe  sawyer  saws  through  the  ribs  with  a 
small  scribe  saw,  the  cut  being  made  about  8  inches  from  the  backbone. 
Qualifications:  Average  ability,  exceptional  health,  and  good  physique. 

SAWYER-OFF,  FEET.     {See  Laborer.) 

SCRIBE  SAWYER.     {See  Sawyer.) 

SHOULDER  BONER.     {See  Cutter.) 

SHOULDER  CHOPPER.     {See  Chopper.) 

SHOULDER  SAWYER.     {See  Sawyer.) 

SHOULDER  TRIMMER.     {See  Cutter.) 

SHOVER.     {See  Laborer.) 

SKIN  BUNDLER.     {See  Laborer.) 

SMALL-ORDER  MAN.     (See  UtiUty  man.) 

SPACER.     {See  Laborer.) 

STRAW  BOSS.     {See  Utility  man.) 


34  FKESH-POKK  DEPARTMENT. 

TEMPERATURE  OR  COOLER  MAN.     (See  Laborer.) 

TRIMMER,  MEAT.     (See  Cutter.) 

TRIMMER,  TRIMMINGS.     (See  Cutter.) 

TRUCKER.     (See  Laborer.) 

UTILITY  MAN  UMBRA 

Description:  The  utility  man  is  skilled,  experienced,  and  efficient,  and  able 

to  do  various  operations   in   tlie  department,  filling  in   wherever   and 

whenever  needed. 
Qualifications:  Average   ability,   exceptional   health,   and   good   physique. 

The  utility  man  must  have  skill  and  experience. 

WRAPPER.     (See  Laborer.) 

URD  AND  OLEO  DEPARTMENT 
CLARIFIER.     (See  Melter.) 
CLEANER,  FLOORS.     (See  Laborer.) 
COOKER.     (See  Melter.) 
COVERER,  CANS.     (See  Laborer.) 

FILLER,  BARRELS,  CANS,  PAILS,  AND  TIERCES.     (See  J.aborer.) 
FILTERER.     (See  Pumper  and  refiner.) 
KETTLE  MAN.     (See  Melter.) 

LABORER  LAD 

Description:  The  laborer  does  the  various  kinds  of  unskilled  work  in  this 
department,  as  indicated  by  the  respective  occupational  names.  In 
many  establishments  employees  are  shifted  from  one  kind  of  work  to 
another  and  are  called  general  workers. 

MELTER  MAD 

Kindred  Occupations:    The  melter  looks  after  the  fat  while  it  is  in  the 

kettles,  sees  that  the  melting  or  cooking  is  properly  done  and  that  the 

melted  fat  is  clarified,  settled,  and  skimmed.     In  some  establishments 

the  work  is  done  by  foremen. 

Qualifications:   Some  experience  is  necessary. 

OLEO  MAKER.     (See  Melter.) 

PACKER,  SHAVINGS  AROUND  CANS.      (See  Laborer.) 

PASSER,  EMPTIES  TO  FILLERS.      (See  Laborer.) 

PRESSMAN  PACER 

Description:  The  pressman  or  wheelman  presses  oil  from  lard  or  oleo 
stock.  He  fills  cloths  with  lard  or  oleo  stock,  folds  the  form  sides  or 
edges  of  each  cloth  over  the  lard  or  stock,  places  the  filled  and  folded 
cloths  in  or  on  the  press,  drops  steel  press  plates  on  each  layer  of  three 
or  four  cloths,  repeating  the  operation  until  the  press  is  built  up  or  filled, 
and  then  turns  on  the  power  and  operates  the  press.  The  oil  runs 
through  the  cloths  and  from  the  press  into  tanks,  leaving  stearine  in 
the  cloths.  The  pressman  then  pulls  down  the  press  and  shakes  out  the 
stearine.    He  is  called  a  wheelman  because  he  works  at  a  revolving  table. 


LARD   Al^D   OLEO   DEPARTMENT.  35 

PUMPER  AND  REFINER  PACK 

Bescription:  The  pumper  operates  pumps  or  machinery  that  pumps  lard 
from  tanks  into  vats  or  kettles  or  through  filter  processes.  The  refiner 
operates  pumps  or  machinery  that  pumps  lard  from  tanks  to  bleaching- 
room  tanks,  mixes  the  necessary  amount  of  fuller's  earth  or  clay  with 
it  to  bleach  it,  and  pumps  it  through  the  filter  presses,  which  remove  the 
earth  or  clay  from  the  lard. 
Qualifications:  The  work  done  by  the  pumper  and  refiner  requires  ex- 
perience. 

ROLLER,  BARRELS.     {See  Laborer.) 

ROLLER  MAN  RABID 

Description:  The  roller  man  operates  the  cooler-roller  machinery.  The 
roller  is  hollow  and  filled  with  brine.  As  it  revolves  it  comes  in  contact 
with  and  cools  lard,  which  runs  into  curved  basins  or  shallow  curved 
tanks  at  the  bottom  of  the  roller  machinery.  In  some  establishments  the 
roller  man  also  operates  the  agitator,  which  mixes  ingredients  used  in 
making  compound  lard. 
Qualifications :  The  work  done  by  the  roller  man  requires  experience. 

ROLLER,  TIERCES.     (See  Laborer.) 

ROUSTABOUT.     (See  Laborer.) 

SCRAPER,  SEEDING  TRUCKS.     (See  Laborer.) 

SETTER.     (See  Melter.) 

SKINNER.     (See  Melter.) 

TAKER-AWAY  AND  PILER,  BARRELS  AND  TIERCES.     (See  L«».borer.) 

TANK  MAN.     (See  Melter.) 

TRUCKER.     (See  Laborer.) 

TRUCK  LOADER  AND  UNLOADER.     (See  Laborer.) 

VARNISHER,  BARRELS  AND  TIERCES.     (See  Laborer.) 

WASHER,  SEEDING  TRUCKS.     (See  Laborer.) 

WHEELMAN.     (See  Pressman.) 

SAUSAGE  DEPARTMENT 
BOX  MAKER.     (S^ee  Packer.) 

CASING  WORKER  CAKE 

Description:    The   casing  worker  in   this   department  rewashes,   re-turns, 

measures,  and  cuts  casings  to  lengths,  and  ties  one  end  of  each  length 

with  cord.     Also  cuts  fat  from  hog  bungs.    About  75  per  cent  of  this 

work  is  done  by  female  employees. 

CHOPPER.     (See  Cutter.) 
CLEANER-UP.     (See  Laborer.) 


36  SAUSAGE   DEPARTMENT. 

COOKER  AND   SMOKER  CALF 

Description:  The  cooker  and  smoker  cooks  sausage,  regulates  the  tem- 
perature of  the  water  in  the  cooking  vats,  puts  the  sausage  into  vats, 
cooks  it  the  required  time,  regulates  the  fires  and  smoke  in  the  smoke- 
house, and  sees  that  the  meats  are  properly  smoked.  Practically  all 
cooks  and  smokers  are  male  employees. 
Qualifications:     Experience  is  necessary. 

COOK'S  HELPER.     (See  laborer.) 

CUTTER  CALK 

Description:  The  cutter  operates  :ind  feeds  the  various  kinds  of  machines 
used  in  chopping,  grinding,  and  mixing  sausage  meat.  This  work  is 
usually  done  by  male  employees. 

CTTTTER,  CASINGS.     (See  Casing  worker.) 

FATTER.     (See  Casing  worker.) 

FEEDER.     (See  Cutter.) 

FOREMAN'S  ASSISTANT.     (See  Utility  man.) 

FORKER.     (See  Laborer.) 

GENERAL  WORKER  GAFF 

Description:  The  general  worker  has  no  special  occupation,  being  shifted 
from  one  kind  of  work  to  another  as  his  services  are  needed.  Practically 
all  of  these  employees  are  women. 

GRINDER.     (See  Cutter.) 

HAM  PASSER.     (See  Laborer.) 

HANDY  MAN.     (See  Utility  man.) 

HANGER.     (See  Laborer;  also  Linker.) 

INSPECTOR.     (See  Packer.) 

LABORER  lADLE 

Description:  The  laborer  trucks  meat  and  casings  into  and  about  the 
department,  and  sausage  from  the  department ;  forks  sausage  meat  into 
chopping  and  grinding  machines,  and  does  other  work  as  indicated  by  the 
respective  occupational  names.    Male  employees  do  this  work. 

LINKER  LADY 

Description:   The  linker  ties  the  open  end  of  the  filled  casing  with  cord, 

twists  or  turns  the  casing,  making  links;  hangs  the  sausage  on  trucks 

or  trees;  also  wraps  or  ropes  dry-cured  sausage  with  cord.    About  90 

per  cent  of  these  employees  are  women. 

MACHINE  TENDER.      (See  Cutter.) 

MEASURER.     (See  Casing  worker.) 

MIXER.     (See  Cutter.) 

NAILER.     (See  Packer.) 


SAUSAGE   DEPARTMENT^'  :37 

PACKER  PACT 

Description:  The  male  packer  weighs  and  packs  sausage  In  boxes  for  ship- 
ment from  the  establishment.  .  -    . 

The  female  packer  wraps  sausage  in  paper,  ties  packages,  attaches 
tags  to  packages,  sets  up  paper  boxes  or  cartons,  assists  the  packer,  and 
inspects  the  wrapping,  labeling,  and  tagging  of  packages.  More  than  50 
per  cent  of  the  packers  are  women. 

PACKER'S  HELPER.     (iSfee  Packer.) 

RETRIMMER.     (See  Casing  worker.) 

ROPER.     (See  Linker.) 

ROTTSTABOTTT.      (See  Laborer.) 

SCALER  OR  WEIGHER  AND  PACKER.     (See  Packer.) 

SHIPPER.     (See  Packer.) 

SMOKER  SPADE 

Description:  The  smoker  keeps  up  the  fires  in  the  smokehouse  for  the 

smoking  of  sausages  and  meats. 
Qualifications:  The  smoker  must  know  how  to  build  and  keep   the  fires 
so  as  to  produce  a  sufficient  amount  of  smoke  for  the  proper  smoking  of 
the  meats,   and  be  able  to  tell  the  length  of  time  required  for  their 
proper  smoking. 

SMOKER'S  HELPER.     (See  Laborer.) 

STRAW  BOSS.     (See  Utility  man.) 

STTIFFER  SAGE 

Description:  The  stuffer  operates  a  stuffing  machine.  He  fills  the  machine 
with  meat,  attaches  the  untied  end  of  the  casing  to  the  machine,  turns 
on  the  power,  which  forces  the  meat  from  the  machine  into  the  casing, 
and  drops  the  filled  casing  from  the  machine  to  the  table  at  which 
linkers,  tiers,  and  hangers  work.  About  90  per  cent  of  the  stuffers 
are  men. 

SITBFOREMAN.     (See  Utility  man.) 

TAGGER.     (See  Packer.) 

TIER.     (See  Casing  worker;  Linker;  Packer.) 

TRUCKER.     (See  Laborer.) 

TURNER.     (See  Casing  worker.) 

TWISTER.     (See  Linker.) 

UTILITY  MAN  UNAPT 

Description:  The  utility  man  does  various  kinds  of  work  in  the  department. 

He  is  one  of  the  most  efficient  and  experienced  employees,  being  shifted 

from  one  occupation  to  another  as  needed. 

Qualifications:   The  utility  man  should  have  had  a  wide  experience  in  the 

work  of  the  department,  covering  all  the  different  occupations. 

WASHER.     (See  Casing  worker.) 

WASHER,  HAM  CYLINDERS.     (See  Laborer.) 

WRAPPER.     (See  Packer.) 


38  CURED-MEAT  DEPARTMENT. 

CURED-MEAT  DEPARTMENT 

AVERAGE  MAN.     (See  Grader.) 
BACON  STRINGER.     (See  Laborer.) 

BTTTCHER  BADE 

Description:  The  butcher  in  this  department  does  all  the  necessary  trim- 
ming of  meat  cuts. 

Qualifications:  The  work  done  by  the  butcher  requires  skill  and  experi- 
ence in  the  use  of  the  knife  and  in  trimming  different  meat  cuts. 

BUTCHER'S  ASSISTANT.     {See  Utility  man.) 
CHUTE  MAN.     (See  Grader.) 

CURER  CALL 

Description:  The  curer  does  all  the  operations  necessary  in  curing  meat. 
He  makes  the  pickle  and  packs  the  meat  in  casks  or  vats  and  in  tierces. 
He  pours  pickle  into  the  receptacles  into  which  meat  has  been  packed ;  over- 
hauls the  casks  or  vats  by  transferring  the  meat  from  one  to  another; 
rolls  the  tierces  while  the  cure  is  being  made;  pulls  the  meat  from  the 
tierce  or  vat  after  the  cure  is  made,  and  smokes  it;  or,  he  puts  the 
meat  down  in  salt  and  takes  it  up  after  it  has  been  salted  the  required 
time  and  smokes  it. 

Qualifications:  The  work  done  by  the  curer  requires  experience. 

FOREMAN'S  ASSISTANT.     (See  Utility  man.) 

GRADER  GAYLY 

Description:  The  grader  or  inspector  receives  the  cuts  of  meat  as  they  come 
to  the  department,  grades  and  sorts  them  according  to  size  and  quality, 
and  inspects  them  while  in  the  process  of  cure  to  see  that  cure  is  being 
made,  and  to  detect  bruises,  spots,  or  bone  sour,  etc. 

Qualifications:  The  work  done  by  the  grader  or  inspector  requires  experi- 
ence in  the  handling  of  meat  while  in  the  process  of  cure. 

GRADER'S  HELPER.     {See  Laborer.) 
HAM  PASSER.  (See  Laborer.) 
HAM  STRINGER.     (See  Laborer.) 
HAULER  TO  VATS.     (See  Laborer.) 
HELPER.     (See  Laborer.) 
INSPECTOR.     (See  Grader.) 
INSPECTOR'S  HELPER.     (See  Laborer.) 
KNIFE  MAN.     (See  Butcher.) 

LABORER  LAG 

Description:  The  laborer  does  the  various  kinds  of  unskilled  work  in  the 
department,  as  indicated  by  the  respective  occupational  names. 

MEAT  CARRIER.  (See   Laborer.) 
MEAT  HANGER.  (See  Laborer.) 


CUBED-MEAT  DEPARTMENT,  39 

MEAT  PASSER.     (See  laborer.) 

MEAT  SCRAPEK.     (See  Laborer.) 

MEAT  SOAKER.     (See  Laborer.) 

MEAT  STRINGER.     (See  Laborer.) 

MEAT  TOSSER.     (See  Laborer.) 

MEAT  WASHER.     (See  Laborer.) 

MEAT  WIPER.      (See  Laborer.) 

ORDER  FILLER.     (See  Utility  man.) 

ORDER  MAN.     (See  Ttility  man.) 

OVERHATTLER.     (See  Curer.) 

PACKER,     (See  Curer.) 

PASSER  TO  PACKER.     (See  Laborer.) 

PASSER  TO  PUMPER.     (See  Laborer.) 

PASSER  TO  SALTER.     (See  Laborer.) 

PICKLE  MAKER.     (See  Curer.) 

PICKLE  MAKER'S  HELPER.     (See  Laborer.) 

PICKLER.     (See  Curer.) 

PILER.     (See  Curer.) 

PULLER.     (See  Curer.) 

PUMPER.     (See  Curer.) 

PUMPER'S  HELPER.      (See  Laborer.) 

ROUSTABOUT.     (See  Laborer.) 

RUBBER.     (See  Curer.) 

SALTER.     (See  Curer.) 

SEWER.     (See  Laborer.) 

SIZER.     (See  Grader.) 

SMOKER.     (See  Curer.) 

SMOKER'S  HELPER.     (See  Laborer.) 

SORTER.     (See  Grader.) 

SORTER'S  HELPER.     (See  Laborer.) 

SPOTTER.     (See  Grader.) 

STRAW  BOSS.     (See  Utility  man.) 

TAKER  FROM  PUMPERS.     (See  Laborer.) 

TIER.     (See  Laborer.) 


40  OURED-MEAT  DEPARTMENT. 

TRIMMER.     (See  Butcher.) 

TRUCK  WASHER.     (See  Laborer.) 

UTILITY  MAN  TJNBAR 

Description:  The  utility  man  does  general  work  of  the  highest  grade  iu  the 

department,  filling  in  whenever  and  wherever  needed,  being  shifted  from 

one  kind  of  work  to  another. 

Qualifications:  The  utility   man   requires   experience   in  all   the   different 

operations  incident  to  the  cutting  of  meat. 

VAT  WASHER.     (See  Laborer.) 

MEAT-CANNING  DEPARTMENT 

BACON-CARTON  INSPECTOR.     (See  Inspector.) 

BATCHER-UP  AND  INSPECTOR  FOR  LEAKERS.     (See  Inspector.) 

BOX  MAKER,  PAPER.     (See  General  worker.) 

BOX  STRAPPER.     (See  Packer.) 

CAN  CARRIER.      (See  Laborer.) 

CAN  FILLER.     (See  Stuflfer  or  packer,  meat.) 

CAN  INSPECTOR.     (See  Inspector.) 

CAN  STEAMER.     (See  Cooker.) 

CAPPER  CALLA 

Description:  The  capper  completes  the  closing  of  the  cans  and  glass  jars, 

after  they  have  been  stuffed  or  packed,  by  operating  various  machines  or 

devices. 

Qualifications:  The   work   done  by   the  capper  requires   some  mechanical 

ability,  good  judgment,  and  experience. 

CAP  SETTER.     (See  General  worker.) 

CAP  STAMPER.     (See  Capper.) 

CARTON  FOLDER.     (See  General  worker.) 

CHUTE  FEEDER.      (See  General  worker.) 

COOKER  CALM 

Description:  The  cooker  cooks  meat  and  tongues  for  canning,  regulates  the 
quantity  and  temperature  of  water  in  the  cooking  kettles  or  vats,  the 
temperature  of  the  oven,  and  the  length  of  cooking;  regulates  the  tem- 
perature of  retorts  in  which  meats,  after  canning,  are  subjected  to  fur- 
ther cooking  or  process ;  watches  steam  gauges,  and  regulates  the  length 
of  the  processes. 
Qualifications:  The  work  done  by  the  cooker  requires  experience  and  apti- 
tude; that  done  by  the  steam  tender  is  very  important,  requiring  experi- 
ence, constant  care,  and  attention,  as  the  success  of  the  canning  depends 
upon  the  proper  "  processing." 

CRIMPING-MACHINE  OPERATOR.      (See  Capper.) 

CUTTER,  VIENNAS  FOR  STUFFING.      (See  Machine  tender.) 


MEAT-CANNING  DEPARTMENT.  41 

DUMPER,  iff  EAT  INTO  STUFFING  MACHINES.     {See  Machine  tender.) 

FEEDER,  BACON  TO  SLICING  MACHINE.     {See  Machine  tender.) 

FEEDER,  DRIED  BEEF  TO  CHIPPING  MACHINE.     {See  Machine  tender.) 

FLOATER.     {See  Capper.) 

FLOOR  CLEANER.     {See  Laborer.) 

FLOORMAN.     {See  General  worker.) 

FULL-CAN  INSPECTOR.      {See  Inspector.) 

GENERAL  WORKER  GAIN 

Description:  No  one  general  worker  does  all  the  various  kinds  of  work  in 
the  department,  but  most  of  them  are  shifted  from  one  kind  of  work  to 
another  as  the  product  changes  and  as  the  conditions  demand ;  but  in 
some  establishments  some  of  the  employees  who  are  included  in  the 
above  group  work  regularly  at  one  occupation,  but  as  there  are  but  few 
such  cases  they  are  not  placed  in  a  group  alone. 

GLASS- WASHING  MACHINE  OPERATOR.     {See  General  worker.) 

HANDY  MAN.     {See  General  worker.) 

HOIST  MAN.     {See  General  worker.) 

INSPECTOR  ICE 

Description:  The  work  done  by  the  inspector  begins  with  the  cooking  and 
trinuuing  of  meat  and  tongues  and  ends  with  the  packed  boxes  ready 
for  shipment  from  the  establishment.  The  inspection  covers  the  washing 
and  wiping  of  empty  cans ;  the  stuffing  or  packing  of  meat  or  sausage  in 
cans,  jars,  and  cartons ;  the  weighing  of  filled  cans ;  the  crimping  and 
soldering  of  caps ;  the  soldering  of  vents ;  the  washing  of  filled  cans ; 
and  the  packing  of  filled  cans  in  boxes.  Much  of  the  inspection  is  done 
by  female  employees.  The  final  inspection  of  the  capping  and  vent 
soldering  is  done  by  experienced  male  employees. 
Qualifications:  An  inspector  should  be  familiar  with  all  the  work  in  the 
department,  that  he  may  be  able  to  judge  when  the  work  is  properly  done. 

KETTLE  TENDER.     {See  Cooker.) 

LABELER.     {Sec  General  worker.) 

LABEL-MACHINE  OPERATOR.     {See  General  worker.) 

LABORER  LAID 

Description:  The  laborer  does  the  various  kinds  of  unskilled  work  about 
the  department,  as  indicated  by  the  respective  occupational  uames. 
In  some  establishments  employees  are  shifted  from  one  kind  of  work 
to  another  and  therefore  have  no  specific  duty  or  occupation.  They  are 
called  "  general  workers  "  and  are  not  included  in  this  classification. 

LEAK  PATCEER.     {See  Capper.) 

MACHINE  CLEANER.     {See  Laborer.) 


42  MEAT-CANNING   DEPARTMENT. 

MACHINE  TENDER  MADAM 

Description:  The  machine  tender  feeds  machines  that  trim  dried-beef  hams 
for  the  chipping  machine,  chips  dried  beef,  slices  bacon,  cuts  sausage  to 
proper  lengths  for  canning,  stuffs  meat  into  cans,  and  controls  all  the 
operations  of  the  lye-washing  and  painting  machines. 
Qualifications:  The  work  done  by  the  machine  tender  requires  consider- 
able experience  and  care. 

MEAT  INSPECTOR.     (Sec  Inspector.) 

MEAT  SHOVER.     {See  laborer.) 

MEAT  STIRRER.     {See  Cooker.) 

NAILER.     {See  Packer  for  shipment.) 

OPENER,  LEAKERS.     {See  General  worker.) 

OVEN  MAN.     {See  Cooker.) 

PACKER  AND  NAILER.     {See  Packer  for  shipment.) 

PACKER,  CANS  IN  BOXES.      {See  Packer  for  shipment.) 

PACKER  FOR  SHIPMENT  PAD 

Description:  The  packer  packs  cans,  jars,  and  cartons  in  boxes  for  shipment 
from  the  establishment,  nails  the  covers  or  tops  on  the  boxes,  and  straps 
boxes  with  wire  or  small  metal  bands. 

PACKER,  MEAT.     {See  Stuff er  or  packer,  meat.) 

PAPER-CAP  MACHINE  OPERATOR.     {See  General  worker.) 

PAPERER,  CANS.     {See  General  worker.) 

PASSER  AND  PILER,  CANS  AND  JARS.     {See  General  worker.) 

PROCESS  MAN.      {See  Cooker.) 

PROCESS-TANK  TENDER.     {See  Cooker.) 

RAISIN  PICKER.     {See  General  worker.) 

RELIEF  GIRL.     {See  General  worker.) 

RETORT  MAN.     {See  Cooker.) 

ROUSTABOUT.     (/See  Laborer.) 

SAUSAGE  CANNER.     {See  Stuffer  or  packer,  meat.) 

SAUSAGE  CUTTER.     {See  fireneral  worker.) 

SCALER  SAGO 

Description:  The  weigher  weighs  the  filled  cans  and  adds  to  or  removes 
from  them  a  sufficient  quantity  of  the  contents  to  bring  them  to  the 
proper  weight. 

SERVER,  MEAT.     {See  General  worker.) 
SHOVER.     {See  ^aborer.) 
SOLDERER.     {See  Capper.) 


MEAT-CANNING  DEPARTMENT.  43 

SOUP  MAN.     (See  Cooker.) 

STEAM  MAN.      (See  Cooker.) 

STERILIZER  OR  CLEANER,  CANS.     (See  General  worker.) 

STRAPPER.     (See  Packer  for  shipment.) 

STUFFER  OR  PACKER,  MEAT  SAID 

Description:    The  stuffer  fills  cans  with  meat,  tongues,  and   sausage,   by 

•         hand,  and  the  packer  fills  cans,  glass  jars,  and  cartons  with  chipped  beef 

or  sliced   bacon,   by  hand.     Both  male  and  female  employees  do   this 

work. 

SWEEPER.      (See  Laborer.) 

TALLY  GIRL.     (See  General  worker.) 

TRAY  CARRIER.     (See  General  worker.) 

TRUCKER     [See  Laborer.) 

UTILITY  MAN.     (See  General  worker.) 

VACUUM  OPERATOR.'    (See  Capper.) 

VACUUM  TENDER.     (See  Capper.) 

VAT  TENDER,     (^ee  Cooker.) 

VENT  INSPECTOR.     (See  Inspector.) 

WEIGHER.     (See  Scaler.) 

WIPER,  FILLED  CANS.     (See  General  worker.) 

WRAPPER,  CARTONS,     (See  General  worker.) 

WRAPPING-MACHINE  OPERATOR.     (See  General  worker.) 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 


AN  INITIAL  FINE  OF  25  CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED  FOR  FAILURE  TO  RETURN 
THIS  BOOK  ON  THE  DATE  DUE.  THE  PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  50  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY  AND  TO  $1.00  ON  THE  SEVENTH  DAY 
OVERDUE. 


StP2  6  200l 


m    26  1934 


APR  2  7  IfH 


JUN  1  0  2003 


JUW'9  19?t 


R?H   8 


TSST 


NOV  St    ^^^ 


^»Q  15  194^ 


INTEi^USRARY  imt 


ftB^-ms 


UNIV.  Of  CALIF..  BERK 


m^^ 


MAY  0  2  1997 


CIRCULATION 


nFPT 


LD21-100i«-7,'33 


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